信任的心理和神经生理机制

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	信任的心理和神经生理机制
其他题名	Psychological and Neurophysiologic Mechanisms of Trust
	张宁1 ; 张雨青1 ; 吴坎坎1
通讯作者邮箱	[email protected]
心理所单位排序	1
摘要	信任是建立在对他人的意向或行为的积极预期基础上而敢于托付(愿意承受风险)的一种心理状态。心理学家以及组织管理学家通过对信任发展的研究提出了信任发展的二元互动模型、理性选择模型、动机归因模型和可信赖程度——合作双螺旋模型。背叛行为会对信任关系的建立与发展带来永久性的伤害。已有的关于信任的神经生理机制的研究表明:人们所表现出的信任行为与其催产素水平密切相关,而且信任与背纹状体、前脑岛以及处理奖赏信息相关的脑区——伏隔核、尾状核、腹内侧额叶/前额脑区底部和侧前扣带皮层——的活动相关联。尽管目前关于信任的研究已经取得了很大进展,但是要解开信任的心理机制及其神经生理机制之谜,还需要进一步的研究。
其他摘要	Trust is the willingness to accept vulnerability based upon positive expectations of another＇ s behavior. It is an important tie for the development and maintenance of a wide range of long-term relationships such as friendship, marriage, cooperate cooperation and international relations. Owing to its importance, the mechanisms of developing and maintaining trust have caught the eye of scientists from different disciplines such as psychologists, organizational behaviorists, sociologists, and experimental-economists and so on. During the past decades, researchers proposed the Dyadic Model, Rational Choice Model, Motivated Attributions Model, and Perceived Trustworthiness - Cooperation Spiral Model of Trust Development. All of these models shed light on the complexity of trust development from different aspect. However, each model has its own limitations, for example, the Dyadic Model outlineds the factors that influence the process of trust building, but it doesn＇t clarify how the factors or the overall effect of these factors interact in the process of trust development. The Rational Choice Model is based on the assumption that people＇ s behaviors are all rational, but recent research indicates that people＇s behaviors are not necessarily rational at all the times. Therefore, an integrated model of trust development will ensure the course of future research. Besides, psychological research on the maintenance of trust has shown that betrayal has long-term detrimental effects on trust development; once betrayed, it is almost impossible to rebuild a trust relationship as good as before. Although commitment can enhance the process of rebuilding trust, it never cures the hurts caused by betrayal. On the other hand, researchers have begun to investigate the origins of trust and trust development from biological and evolutionary perspectives. The evolutionary perspective proposes that trust is one basic aspect of human nature. It is an evolutionary developed adaptive mechanism for human survival. Thair recently, neuron scientists and experimental economists have begun to uncover the underlying physiological basis of human trust. Results have shown that oxytocin is associated with human trustworthiness and trust behavior and that trust is associated with the activation of dorsal striatum, anterior insula and brain areas that have proved to be linked with reward processing： nucleus accumbens, the caudate nucleus, ventromedial frontal/orbitofrontal cortex, and rostral anterior cingulate cortex. These researches have opened new vista for us to understand the mysteries of trust. Although tremendous progress has been made in understanding the mechanism of trust and trust development, more research work is needed to unravel the mysteries of the psychological and neurophysiolugic underlJinning of human trust. One direction of future research is how the interaction or coordination of different factors influences the process of trust development. Another direction is how trust develops across the lifespan, particularly how cognitive, emotional and social development direction the development of trust among individuals. Besides, future research can shed light on disentangling the mysteries of trust through longitudinal designs, experiments conducted in real-life settings, cross-cultural comparison, and the advancement of social-cognitive-neuroscience.
关键词	信任信任发展心理机制神经生理机制催产素
学科领域	社会心理学
	2011
语种	中文
发表期刊	心理科学
ISSN	1671-6981
卷号	34 期号:5 页码:1137-1143
期刊论文类型	期刊论文
URL	查看原文
收录类别	CSCD
CSCD记录号	CSCD:4335637
资助机构	本研究得到中科院心理所发展基金项目“震后心理应激反应的民族差异及其社会心理模式”（09CX154015）,中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目“社会变革时期公众的社会心理问题”（KSCX2-YW-R-130）和北京市重点学科建设项目的资助.
引用统计	被引频次：10[CSCD] [CSCD记录]
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/15020
专题	社会与工程心理学研究室
通讯作者	张雨青
作者单位	1.中国科学院心理研究所社会与工程心理学研究室 2.中国科学院研究生院 3.中国科学院心理研究所应用发展部
第一作者单位	社会与工程心理学研究室
通讯作者单位	社会与工程心理学研究室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	张宁,张雨青,吴坎坎. 信任的心理和神经生理机制[J]. 心理科学,2011,34(5):1137-1143.
APA	张宁,张雨青,&吴坎坎.(2011).信任的心理和神经生理机制.心理科学,34(5),1137-1143.
MLA	张宁,et al."信任的心理和神经生理机制".心理科学 34.5(2011):1137-1143.

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