老年人情绪加工的积极效应及其相关因素

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	老年人情绪加工的积极效应及其相关因素
其他题名	The Elderly’ Positivity Effect in Emotional Processing and Related Factors
	毕丹丹
	2014-05
摘要	社会情绪选择理论从时间知觉和动机发展的角度推论老年人的情绪加工有积极效应，即与年轻人相比，老年人更偏向于加工积极刺激而回避消极刺激。这种积极效应是否有跨文化一致性、受哪些因素的影响尚需进一步探索。因此，本研究以中国大陆年轻人和老年人为被试（有效被试：研究一年轻人29，老年人 25；研究二年轻人28，老年人24），国际情绪图片库（IAPS）为情绪材料，通过两个实验研究情绪加工过程的年龄差异，包括对情绪图片的反应、注视和记忆；同时考察可能影响积极效应的因素，包括认知能力、自我建构和老化态度。研究一要求被试评价情绪情境图片的效价值和唤醒度，记录被试的评价值和反应时；在完成90s 的数字符号替换任务后，再自由回忆编码阶段的图片。研究二要求被试自然观看情绪图片，同时记录被试的注视点数量和注视时间；在完成20min 左右的注意网络功能测验后，再对情绪情境图片做新旧判断。本研究的主要结论如下：（1）在评价情绪刺激时，中国大陆老年人比年轻人更平和；老年人注视情绪图片和自由回忆时，消极偏向下降；年轻人再认情绪图片时表现出消极偏向，老年人再认情绪图片时并无积极或消极刺激偏向。总体上，与年轻人相比，老年人的情绪加工相对更积极。（2）警觉能力下降导致老年人较少注视消极情绪图片的情绪区域；老年人和年轻的定向能力和自我建构作用出现分离。本研究未发现老化态度对积极效应有影响。
其他摘要	From perspectives of time perception and motivation, Socioemotional Selectivity Theory postulated that older adults’ processing of emotional stimuli is positively affected. In comparison with young adults, older adults tend to prefer positive stimuli and avoid negative stimuli. Nevertheless, results of current empirical studies with regards to this positivity effect were inconsistent. The positivity effect is questioned about the cross-cultural generalizability and influenced by other factors. Consenquently, This study designed two experiments to study the difference on emotional processing between older adults and young adults, including the reaction, the attention and the memory of emotional pictures, Chinese native people as subjects （valid subjuects: young adults are 29 and older adults are 25 in experiement 1;young adults are 28 and older adults are 24 in experiement 2）and the pictures of the International Affection Picture Systerm as emotion stimuli, besides considering other factors that may influence the positivity effect, likely cognitive ability, self-construct and the aging attitude.In experiement 1, the encoding is asking subjects to rate the valence and arousal of the pictures, then ask the subjects to recall the pictures as more as they can afer completing the Digit Symbol Substitution Test about 90s；In experiment 2, the encoding is asking the subjects to view the pictures naturally like watching TV at home, recording their fixtion numbers and time, then ask them to recognize the emotion pictures after completing the Attention Network Test about 20min. The results demonstrated that: 1、In Chinese native people , On the rating of the emotional stimuli, older adults were more moderate than young adults; on the attention and the recall, the negative bias was less in older adults than young adults; on the recognize, only the young adults showed the negative bias, the older adults showed no bias between the negative and the positive. Overall, comparing with young adults, the emotional processing is more positive in older adults. 2、The decresed ability of alerting in older adults reduced their fixtions on the negative areas of the nagative pictures. The ability of direction and the self-construct played different role in older and young adults. We haven’t find any effect of the aging attitude on the positivity effect.
学科领域	发展与教育心理学
关键词	积极效应情绪反应情绪注意情绪记忆认知能力
学位类型	硕士
语种	中文
学位专业	心理学
学位授予单位	中国科学院心理研究所
学位授予地点	北京
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/19486
专题	认知与发展心理学研究室
作者单位	中国科学院心理研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	毕丹丹. 老年人情绪加工的积极效应及其相关因素[D]. 北京. 中国科学院心理研究所,2014.

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