权力获取过程对利己行为的影响

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	权力获取过程对利己行为的影响
其他题名	The pursuit of power and self-interested behavior
	钞淼
	2015-05
摘要	权力是指对有价值资源以及他人行为结果控制的相对能力。权力相关的研究发现，拥有权力会使人更加追求奖酬，并且行为取向更强，因此拥有权力本身就会导致利己行为，而影响其利己行为的一个重要原因就是认为自己有资格。除了权力本身，目前的研究也发现，领导的选拔过程对掌权后的利己行为有影响，指定领导往往比选拔领导在掌权后更利己。但是，目前的研究并没有从获得权力的投入的角度，研究对掌权后利己行为的影响。我们认为，在当前社会，获得权力的途径主要为通过努力和通过能力，而已有研究证明，努力和能力可能会对人的利己行为产生影响，也会影响个体的资格感。本研究想探讨，通过努力或能力获得权力，是否以及如何影响掌权之后的利己行为。因此，本研究中，我们假设：1）能力会显著影响获得权力之后的利己行为，越认为权力是通过能力获得的，在掌权之后行为越利己。2）能力对于利己行为的影响，受到资格感的中介作用，越认为权力是通过能力获得的，越认为自己有资格得到更多，从而导致掌权后的行为越利己。为检验上述假设，我们进行了三个研究。在预研究中，我们使用中国社会调查2008 年的数据检验通过努力和通过能力获得权力，对个体对自身资格认识的影响，结果发现，获得权力对能力的要求越高，越认为自己有资格，而获得权力付出的努力越多，越不认为自己有资格。在研究1 中，我们以生活中真正掌权的个体为被试进行问卷调查，结果发现，能力越高，在掌权之后的行为越利己，这一关系受到了资格感的中介作用，而努力越多，在掌权之后的行为反而更不利己，这一关系也受到了资格感的中介作用。在研究2 中，我们通过实验室的操作来进一步验证通过努力或能力获得权力，对掌权后利己行为的影响。研究结果显示，通过能力获得权力的被试，比未通过能力获得权力的被试，在掌权之后分给自己的钱更多，行为更加利己，而是否通过努力对利己行为的影响并不显著。通过能力获得权力，对之后利己行为的影响，受到资格感的中介作用。
其他摘要	Power refers to the ability to control valued resources and outcome of others without social interference. Experiencing power would activate the behavior approach system to pursuit reward. Therefore, power itself would lead to self-interested behaviors. Besides power itself, researchers have revealed that leadership selection would influence self-interested behaviors either. However, few researcher has pay attention to the influence of input of power acquisition. In the current society, power is acquired mainly through effort and ability, we want to investigate how the power acquisition would influence self-interested behavior and the mechanism of it. i. We predict that: 1): if power is acquired through ability, the powerful would be more self-interested after they acquire power; 2): entitlement would mediate the relationship between the power acquisition and self-interested behaviors. In the pilot study, the data of cgss 2008 revealed that if power is acquired through ability, people would feel more entitled, however, if power is acquired through effort, people would feel less entitled. In study 1, a questionnaire survey was exerted on the real powerful people, result showed that for people who acquire power through ability, they will be more self-interested, and this effect is mediated by feeling of entitlement, however, if power is acquired through effort, they will be less self-interested, and this effect is mediated by feeling of entitlement too. In the second study, an experimental manipulation of power acquisition was conducted to the university students participants. The results showed that if power is acquired through ability, the powerful’s behavior will be more self-interested, they will allocate less money to the recipient in the ultimatum games, and this influence is mediated by feeling of entitlement, however, effort did not have main effect on the self-interested behavior. In summary, the three studies revealed that if power is acquired through ability, the behavior will be more self-interested when they are powerful, and this effect is mediated by feeling of entitlement. However, power acquired through effort will not promote the self-interested behavior.
学科领域	应用心理学
关键词	权力努力能力领导选拔资格感
学位类型	硕士
语种	英语
学位专业	心理学
学位授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
学位授予地点	北京
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/19489
专题	社会与工程心理学研究室
作者单位	中国科学院心理研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	钞淼. 权力获取过程对利己行为的影响[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院,2015.

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