This study intend to describe early child development and family resources in China and examine associations between family resources and child early development outcomes in gross motor, fine motor, problem solving, communication and sociability domains, including 12592 children from birth to 6 years in the most comprehensive study in China to date about connections among family and early child development. Results indicated that the effect of city resources on early child development was mediated by family resources in which family social resources mediate the effect of material resources and human resources on early child development. Parent involvement mediated the effect of family openness and intellectual characteristics on early child development. The effect size and effect mechanism were special for type of resources and development area, and mediated by gender. Family social resources, parent involving especially, are more robust predictors of early child development outcomes than any other aspect of resources, and all predictors were significant. The gap between children with good resources and children with bad resources exaggerated with development. Conclusion: social resources mediate the effect of other resources on early child development. The effect size and effect mechanism were special for type of resources and development area, and moderated by gender. Family social resources are more robust predictors of early child development outcomes, which should be focused in for policy makers.
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