健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

目的：探讨鲁甸地震灾区学龄前儿童创伤后应激症状的检出率及其与创伤暴露等因素的关系。方法：鲁甸震后1-2个月,在龙头山安置点及龙头山镇（地震中心）自西向东进行走访,共访谈62名学龄前儿童家长,采用学龄前儿童创伤后应激障碍半结构式访谈和由CBCL的15个条目组成的学龄前儿童创伤后行为量表（CBCL-PTSD）,分别了解儿童创伤后应激症状和创伤后的行为反应。结果：根据CBCL-PTSD,震后1-2个月得分在9分及以上的学龄前儿童占51.9%（27/52）。而根据访谈（同时满足创伤后应激症状3个主要症状检出标准）,学龄前儿童创伤后应激症状检出率为26.9%（14/52）。除闯入症状数与高警觉症状数的相关不具有统计学意义,创伤后应激症状数、各子症状数、CBCL-PTSD得分之间呈显著相关（0.30-0.73,P〈0.05）。经历地震个体的闯入症状检出率高于未经历地震的个体（96.2%vs.60.0%,P〈0.01）,地震中受伤的个体闯入症状检出率高于未受伤的个体（100%vs.84.6%,P〈0.05）,其他创伤暴露条件的各症状检出率差异无统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：学龄前儿童创伤后应激症状检出率相对较高,地震时目睹房屋倒塌或石头滚落以及有被困经历的学龄前儿童创伤后应激症状更多。

Objective： To explore the prevalence of posttraumatic stress symptoms among preschool children and its related factors after the Ludian earthquake. Methods： A total of 62 children＇s guardians were visited. They were interviewed with the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Semi-Structured Interview for Infants and the Young Children and the Child Behavior Checklist-Posttraumatic Stress Disorder scale （CBCL-PTSD） consisted of 15 items from the CBCL. All of the participantsresided in Longtoushan settlement and Longtoushan town （the epicenter） . They were randomly visited from west to east in that region. Results： The rate of scored 9 （ or more） on the CBCL-PTSD among children was 51.9% （27/52） in 1 -2 months after the earthquake. However, based on the Semi-Structured Interview, the rate of the children＂ s posttranmatic stress symptoms was 26.9 % （14/52） . The numbers of posttraumatie stress symptoms, intrusion symptoms, avoidance symptoms, hyperarousal symptoms, the new symptoms and the CBCL-PTSD scores were positively correlated （0. 30 - 0. 73, P 〈 0.05 ）, except the relation between intrusion symptoms and hyperarousal symptoms. The rate of intrusion symptoms was significant higher among those who experienced earthquake than those who didn＇t （96. 2% vs. 60. 0%, P 〈0. 01 ） . And the rate of intrusion symptoms was also higher among those who was injured during the earthquake than those who wasn＇t （100% vs. 84. 6%, P 〈0. 05） . And the other symptoms were not difference in children under different conditions （P 〉 0. 005 ） . Conclusion： The preschool children who experienced earthquake or were injured suffer more posttraumatic stress symptoms.