社会与工程心理学研究室知识库

团队后援行为指成员间的作业互助行为，它使团队能动态地调整资源和能力的分配，从而提高团队的作业绩效和关系绩效。影响后援行为的因素可分为三大类:个体因素、团队因素、组织因素。本研究试图探明激励机制和全局了解程度对后援行为的影响作用，以及后援行为和后援请求行为的关系，从而为组织管理提供科学建议。
本研究采用的作业是计算机模拟的团队击石作业，每个团队由三名被试组成。研究采用被试内设计的实验，控制两个自变量:激励机制(团队付酬，个人付酬)、全局了解程度(局部呈现，全局呈现)，探讨他们对后援行为的作用，以及后援请求和后援行为的关系。在实验过程中控制了性别构成、被试熟悉程度、顺序效应等影响。
结果表明，第一，全局了解程度对平行协作的团队的后援行为没有影响。
第二，不同的激励机制对团队后援行为的影响有差异。以团队付酬的后援行为显著多于以个人付酬的后援行为。
第三，后援行为和后援请求负相关。
第四，全局了解程度高时，后援请求和后援行为的相关高于全局了解程度低时两者的相关。
第五，后援行为与作业绩效不相关。
本研究的创新在于首次探讨全局了解程度对后援行为的影响，以及在不同的全局了解程度下，后援请求和后援行为关系变化。研究使用的团队作业也是本研究的创新之一。

Back-up behaviors in teams refer to aid behaviors which can dynamically adjust the distribution of resources and efforts of teams. Back-up behaviors are in favor of task and contextual performance. Research indicated three kinds of factors that affect back-up behaviors: individual, team and organization factors. This study attempted to the effects of incentive ways and explore of information about situation on back-up behaviors in teams, and the relationship between back-up behaviors and back-up seeking under different extent information about whole situation. Knowledge about those factors can improve the management of organization.
This study conducted a true within-subject experiment. The incentive ways were manipulated as paying for whole team or individual performance. Extent of information about whole situation was manipulated as presenting the whole or part of the task.
The research results are as follows:
1，No effect on back-up behaviors in teams whether presenting the whole or part of the task.
2, Different incentive ways have different effects on back-up behaviors in teams. When incentive way is based on team performance, the back-up behaviors are much more than that based on individual performance.
3, The correlation of back-up behaviors and back-up seeking is negative.
4, When extent of information about whole situation is higher, the correlation of back-up behaviors and back-up seeking is larger negative.
5, No relationship back-up behaviors and team performance.
This study is the first time to explore the effect of extent of information about whole situation on back-up behaviors, and explore whether extent of information about whole situation has effect on the relationship between back-up behaviors and back-up seeking. The team task in this study is also an innovation.