社会与工程心理学研究室知识库

本研究采用调查问卷的方法探讨了我国现阶段员工的压力与，‘理健康的关系以及组织文化因素对其的影响。来源于16个组织的704名员工填写了社会应激事件调查表、一般健康问卷和竞争文化量表。通过分层回归分析等方法考察了理论框架中各个变量之间的关系，得到了员工主要压力因素及其对心理健康的影响和组织文化因素的调节作用的理论模型，这对于进一步深入研究压力和组织文化具有重要意义。本研究的主要结论是:
第一、员工的主要压力来源为工作特征、社会环境、职业发展、和住房问题;与员工心理健康有显著关系的是组织过程、工作特征、住房问题、经济收入。工作和组织相关的压力对员工心理健康的关系作用大于个人生活相关的压力的作用。
第二、人际气氛、开放系统和理性目标对心理健康有主效应。开放系统和内部控制在压力与心理健康的关系中起正向调节作用。
第三、人际气氛负向调节组织过程对心理健康的影响;开放系统正向调节职业发展对心理健康的影响，负向调节组织过程对心理健康的影响;理性目标正向调节社会环境、住房问题对心理健康的影响，负向调节组织过程对心理健康的影响;内部控制正向调节职业发展对心理健康的影响，负向调节组织过程对心理健康的影响。
第四、不同组织文化类型的组织中，压力与心理健康的关系不同:在支持导向组织中，与心理健康有显著关系的是工作特征因素;在革新导向组织中，与心理健康有显著关系的是住房问题、工作特征和人际冲突因素;在目标导向组织中，与心理健康有显著关系的是组织过程和工作特征因素;在规则导向组织中，与心理健康有显著关系的是经济收入、工作特征、组织过程和子女问题因素。

This study proposed to explore the relationship between stress and mental health of employees and effect of organizational culture on it during this period. The survey was implemented in 16 organizations. 704 participants filled out Social Stressor Questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Competitive Culture Scale. Hierarchical Regression and other methods were used to analyze data. The research leads to the final theory frame that organizational culture as a moderator of the impact of stressors on mental health of employees. It opens a door to further studying on stress and organizational culture. In summary, the research conclusion involves in several aspects as follows:
The employees’main perceptive stressors are job character, social environment, career development and housing problem. Organizational process, job character, housing problem and economic income have significantly correlation with mental health of employees. The impacts of organizational stressors on mental health are stronger than those of personal stressors.
Human climate, open system and rational objective have main effect on mental health. Open system and internal control are moderators of the impact of total stress on mental health of employees.
Human climate moderate the relationship between organizational process and mental health negatively. Open system moderate the relationship between career development and mental health positively, the relationship between organizational process and mental health negatively.
Rational objective moderate the relationship between social environment or housing problem and mental health positively, the relationship between organizational process and mental health negatively. Internal control moderate the relationship between career development and mental health positively,the relationship between organizational process and mental health negatively.
The relationship between stress and mental health is different in different organizational culture. In support oriented, job character has significantly correlation with mental health. In innovation oriented,housing problem, job character and human conflict have significantly correlation with mental health. In objective oriented, organizational process and job character have significantly correlation with mental health. In regular oriented, economic income, organizational process, job character, offspring problem have significantly correlation with mental health.