健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

目的:本研究采用问卷和行为任务相结合， 系统研究醉酒驾驶者的不同维度的冲动行为特征及其与酒精使用严重程度的关系 方法: 收集某看守所在押醉酒驾驶者 73 名， 采用密西根酒精筛查量表( MAST) 评估酒精使用严重程度， UPPS － P 冲动量表和感觉寻求量表测量冲动性特质， 采用爱荷华赌博任务 延迟折扣 概率折扣和停止信号任务测量醉酒驾驶者的冲动决策和行为抑制能力 将不同类型的冲动行为特征和酒精使用程度进行相关分析 结果: 醉酒驾驶者的酒精使用严重程度的分数与 UPPS － P 冲动量表总分( r = 0. 529，P ＜ 0. 01) ， 以及负性情绪状态下的冲动性( r = 0. 510，P ＜ 0. 01 ) 缺乏毅力( r = 0. 302，P ＜ 0. 01) 快感寻求( r = 0. 259，P ＜ 0. 05) 正性情绪状态下的冲动性( r = 0. 536，P ＜ 0. 05 ) 这四个维度显著正相关; 与感觉寻求量表的去抑制( r = 0. 460，P ＜ 0. 01 ) 这个分量表分呈显著正相关， 与爱荷华赌博任务( IGT) 得分显著负相关( r = － 0. 266，P ＜ 0. 05 ) 但与延迟折扣任务 概率折扣任务 停止信号任务没有显著相关 结论: 酒精使用程度与冲动性的行为特征有显著相关性， 主要表现为在酒精使用越严重的个体在情绪激发状态下更加容易表现出冲动控制困难和冲动决策行为.

Objective: The present study aims to examine the relationship between the magnitude of alcohol use and impulsivity in the drunk drivers using the impulsivity questionnaire and behavioral test tasks related to multiple dimension of impulsive behaviors． Methods: Seventy － three drunk drivers in the correctional center were assessed on the magnitude of alcohol use with Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test ( MAST) ，and the impulsivity was measured by using UPPS － P and Sensation Seeking Scale，the multiple dimensions of the impulsive behaviors were examined by a series of behavioral task like Iowa Gambling Task，Delay Discounting Task，Probability Discounting Task and Stop Signal Task． Correlation analysis is used to assess the relationship between various impulsive behaviors and magnitude of alcohol use． Ｒesults: ( 1 ) Positive correlation are found between MAST scores and UPPS － P total score ( r = 0. 529， P ＜ 0． 01) ，4 subscales score of Negative Urgency( r =0． 510，P ＜0． 01) ，lack of perseverance ( r =0． 302，P ＜0． 01) ，Sensation － Seeking( r = 0． 259，P ＜ 0． 05) and Positive Urgency( r = 0． 536，P ＜0． 05) ，and it is also found that the positive correlation between MAST score and the Disinhibition subscale score in Sensation Seeking Scale． For the behavioral tests，it reveals a negative correlation between MAST score and Iowa Gambling Task score( IGT) ． There was no significant correlation between the performance in impulsive decision，response inhibition task and the MAST score of the drunk drivers．Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that the magnitude of alcohol use will cause some parts of the dimension of the impulsivity in drunken drivers manifested by impulsive control impairment when the individuals are in the negative or positive emotional state in drunk drivers．