社会与工程心理学研究室知识库

死亡威肋、作为众多威肋、中与众不同的一种，具有与其他威肋、类型不同的凸显性。本文采用三类不同情绪效价的词语(死亡、消极、中性)作为实验材料，从家庭自我肯定入手进行了两个研究，考察它对死亡相关信息的威肋、抵御作用。研究一采用情绪Stroop范式(颜色判断任务)，考查行为水平上自我肯定对被试任务表现的影响，并通过ERP研究进一步验证自我肯定在神经水平上对死亡相关信息的调节。行为结果发现，自我肯定组被试的正确率显著高于控制组被试，说明自我肯定提高了被试的任务表现。脑电结果发现，自我肯定组被试在P2成分上的波幅在各词上均显著大于控制组，说明在早期的刺激感知中，自我肯定对被试的注意过程起到了一定的调节作用。三类词在N1, N2, P3三个成分上的不同变化说明，无论是在信息加工的早期阶段还是在晚期加工阶段中，被试对死亡词的注意加工就有了差异。研究二进一步探索了死亡信息与自我肯定在威胁应对中的作用，让被试先后完成了词语分类任务(对词义进行分类)、词语回忆任务、词语再认任务以及人物评价任务。结果发现，自我肯定后，被试在三类词语上的正确回忆比率显著高于控制组被试，并且对消极短文作者的积极特质评价(灵活、理性、有耐心、温暖、实际)显著高于控制组被试，说明自我肯定提高了被试三类词语的正确回忆比率，并且对作者的正面评价变得更积极。两个研究的结果表明，自我肯定后被试在任务中的正确率、报告的死亡焦虑、对词语的正确回忆比率和对消极短文作者的评价(积极特质部分)都有了显著的改善。说明在威胁应对(死亡相关信息)领域，家庭我肯定是一种有效的抵御资源。能够让被试在受到死亡信息的威胁时，保证任务表现(正确率更高)，开阔视野、平和心态(人物评价更积极)，并降低感知到的死亡威胁(死亡威胁问卷)。本研究证实了，家庭我肯定对中国被试来说，在威肋、抵御方面有着重要的调节与改善作用。

Mortality threat is unique among many kinds of threats for its mortality salience.Selecting three different kinds of words (death, negativity, neutrality) as experimental materials, two studies were conducted to examine the influence of self-affirmation on behavioral and neurophysiological responses to information of mortality threat. The familial self-affirmation was used for it's particularly useful in China. Study 1 attempts to answer following questions by using the emotional Stroop paradigm: how familial self-affirmation influences response to information related to mortality threat,and how it buffers threat by modulating the neural responses. Behavioral results revealed that the response accuracies for the self-affirmation group is significantly higher than for the control group, indicating that self-affirmation improved the task performance. ERP results showed that the self-affirmation group elicited larger amplitudes of P2 component than those of the control group, indicating that self-affirmation modulated the attentional process in the early detection stage.Different changes of other components (N1, N2, P3) induced by three types of words highlighted the different online processing ways of information related to death. Study 2 chose words judgement task and several other tasks (free recall task, recollection task, evaluation of two essay writers) to further explore the role of self-affirmation in response to linguistic information of mortality threat. Compare to the control group,participants in the self-affirmation group have higher response accuracies for correct recall ratio and rated higher scores for negative-essay writer in positive traits evaluation. The findings deepen people's understanding of the function of self-affirmation as well as its neural mechanism. This research provide novel behavioral and neural evidences for the utility of familial self-affirmation.