中国科学院心理研究所机构知识库

以往研究表明,抑郁认知易感个体在面对应激事件时罹患抑郁症的风险更大.与抑郁症个体相同的是,抑郁认知易感个体表现出负性注意偏向,然而是否也存在与抑郁症个体相似的自我关注增强,仍未有实证研究给予验证.本研究采用oddball范式来考察抑郁认知易感个体自我参照加工及其神经机制.运用事件相关电位技术(ERPs)记录个体对4类不同自我相关名字的加工情况.结果发现,在P2和N2的潜伏期上,抑郁认知易感个体对自我相关名字的注意要早于正常个体;在P2和P3成分上,抑郁认知易感个体诱发的波幅显著小于正常个体;在P3成分上,正常个体出现了自我参照加工程度效应,高自我相关名字诱发的P3波幅显著大于中等相关名字,且中等相关名字诱发的P3波幅显著大于无相关名字;然而在抑郁认知易感个体中,高自我相关名字诱发的P3波幅显著大于低和无相关名字,仅存在自我参照效应.结果表明,与正常个体相比,抑郁认知易感个体自我参照加工的程度效应消失,这可能是由于抑郁认知易感个体的自我概念简单化,更加聚焦核心自我,使得其无法精细区分不同自我相关程度的刺激.该结果可以作为未来对抑郁症早期症状识别的预测指标.

Compared with normal individuals, the cognitive vulnerability of depression individual is more likely to suffer from depression in the face of stressful events. The same with depression individuals, the cognitive vulnerability of depression individual shows negative attention bias. It is unknown whether there is an increase in self-concern that is similar to those of a depression or not. This article will aim to reveal the self-referential processing of the cognitive vulnerability of depression individual. The self-reference effect is the enhanced speed and quality of processing and memorization observed with respect to information that is related to the individual’s self-concept. According to previous research, the self-reference effect is different in terms of different degrees of intimacy with the core self. Moreover, the brain process is different in its self-reference data treatment. Highly self-relevant stimuli will get faster responses compared with the minimally self-relevant stimuli in the brain. This is called the degree of self-reference processing effect. On the basis of summarizing the previous research, and this study uses the event related potential technology to investigate the degree of the self-reference processing effect in the cognitive vulnerability of depression individual and the associated neural

mechanisms. The experiment adopted four kinds of classic oddball stimulation modes, and using the event related potential to investigate the cognitive vulnerability of depression individual and normal self-reference processing effect degree of difference and neural mechanisms. The experiment used three-character non-name lexical phrases as the standard stimulus and a three-character non-lexical phrase as target stimuli. Six categories of stimuli were used in the three-stimulus oddball paradigm. Three sets of self-relevant stimuli, the non-self-relevant stimulus, and two filler stimuli were served as distracters. The name of each participant was used as the highly self-relevant stimulus, and the name of participant’s father was used as the moderating self-relevant stimulus. The name of a Chinese leader was used as the minimally self-relevant stimulus, and the name of the president of the United States was served as the non-self-relevant stimulus. All names were three-Chinese-character long. Familiarity was equivalent (see below) across all sets of stimulus names. We found that: for the latency of P2 and N2, the attention to self- relevant names of the cognitive vulnerability of depression individual was earlier than that of the normal individuals. for the amplitude of P2 and P3, the amplitude induced by the susceptible individuals was significantly smaller than that of the normal individuals. for the P3 averaged amplitudes, the normal individual appeared the degree of self-reference processing effect, highly self-relevant names elicited P3 amplitude were significantly greater than for the moderately self-relevant, and for the moderately self-relevant evoked P3 amplitudes were significantly greater than non-self-relevant name; however, for the cognitive vulnerability of depression individual, highly self-relevant names elicited larger P3 averaged amplitudes significantly greater than the low and non-relevant name, there is only the self-reference effect. Research results showed that there was degree of self-reference processing to the self-reference effect. Highly self-relevant stimuli obtained deeper and more exquisite processing than other self-relevant stimuli, and the degree of self-reference processing effect disappeared for the cognitive vulnerability of depression individual, which may be due to the cognitive vulnerability of depression individual appeared smaller self-concept structure and the phenomenon that they more concerned about the core of self.