认知与发展心理学研究室知识库

摘要：顿悟通常是指在解决问题过程中，大脑由思考到突然想到解决办法的过渡现象。本文利用事件相关电位(event-related potential ,ERP)技术，探讨了中文远距离联想任务下，出现思考式顿悟与诱发式顿悟的问题解决过程中的ERP成分以及脑加工机制的异同。

实验随机呈现200道中文远距离联想题目，要求12名健康大学生针对不同难度的题目，在屏幕出现问题材料和答案材料时做出反应，以完成思考式顿悟与诱发式顿悟任务，并同时利用Neuroscan 64导系统同步记录脑电。结果显示：（1）两种问题解决过程在认知时间特性上存在差异，在出现思考式顿悟问题解决过程中，700-1000 ms时程范围内，顿悟与非顿悟ERP无明显差异，均表现为大脑左前部脑区被最大程度激活。1600-2000 ms时程范围内，顿悟效应诱发了更加负向的偏移，呈现右部脑区被激活，存在右半球的优势效应。在出现诱发式顿悟问题解决过程中，非顿悟效应在后部脑区和左前部脑区诱发了更正性的P2成分。而顿悟效应在360-410 ms时程的右半球诱发更加负性的特征波N380，存在右半球优势效应。（2）两种不同问题解决方式的大脑机制又出现相似点，即先后激活的脑区均为后部脑区，左前部脑区和右侧半球，顿悟效应主要与右侧半球活动有关。

顿悟过程与解决问题和创造性思维密不可分，本文研究结果提示，两种出现顿悟效应的问题解决过程，均是对思维僵局产生而后被打破的认知加工。

Abstract:Insight is a gusty feeling and transition in problem solving, which is considered a typical experience in the process from unsolved problems to be solved. In this study, we examined the relationships between thinking insight and evoked insight in healthy volunteers by using event-related potentials (ERPs) technique.

Twelve healthy college students were recruited to undertake thinking insight task and evoked insight task in Chinese remote associate test (CRAT) with different targets. Results show that (1) thinking insight and evoked insight have different temporal dynamics, the effect of thinking insight is occurred in the time window of 1600 ms to 2000 ms, while the effect of evoked insight is occurred in the time window of 360 ms to 410 ms with the sign of N380. (2) However, the spatiotemporal patterns of ERPs evoked by both thinking insight and evoked insight are similar, which is a further understood that the processing of problem solving involves extensive brain regions dynamically, separately from posterior region to left frontal region and then the right hemisphere. The arousal of right hemisphere is considered to be the signal of insight neural mechanism.

Insight is closely related to creativity and problem solving, our results indicate that both thinking insight and evoked insight may have a similar neural mechanism in problem solving, which suggest the breaking moment of thinking impasse.