中国科学院行为科学重点实验室知识库

摘要：前人发现感觉寻求是影响违规等风险驾驶行为的稳定预测因素。延迟折扣指随着获得奖励时间的延长，人们感知到的奖励价值也会随之下降的现象。延迟折扣率可反应个体追求即时金钱奖励还是延时更多金钱奖励的倾向。考虑到风险驾驶行为的出现可能涉及到即时感觉寻求满足与未来安全收益间的权衡，因此有必要讨论感觉寻求和延迟折扣率共同对风险驾驶的影响。本研究旨在探究人们对虚拟奖励的延迟折扣率与自我报告的风险驾驶行为间的关系，及其在感觉寻求与风险驾驶间可能存在的调节作用。研究采用网络问卷的形式收集数据，329名中国驾驶者完成了感觉寻求量表（SSS）、金钱选择问卷（MCQ）及驾驶行为问卷（DBQ）。研究结果表明：（1）大延迟金额（80元）下的延迟折扣率可负向预测一般性违规、错误及风险驾驶总分；（2）大延迟金额（80元）下的延迟折扣率在感觉寻求对风险驾驶的影响中起调节作用，即只有在延迟折扣率较高（追求即时奖励）时，高感觉寻求者风险驾驶行为更多，而在延迟折扣率较低（追求延时更多金钱奖励）时，高低感觉寻求者风险驾驶行为差异不大。本研究初次探讨感觉寻求和延迟折扣率共同对风险驾驶的影响，并发现只有当个体倾向于放弃较大延迟金额追求即时奖励时，其感觉寻求程度才可预测风险驾驶频率；而对于选择较大延迟金额的个体来说，可能由于其可以更好地考虑到未来的安全收益，并放弃追求即时感觉满足，因此感觉寻求程度无法预测风险驾驶频率。研究具备一定的理论价值，并可为选拔和培训驾驶员以提升道路安全性等实际应用提供一定的指导。

Abstract: It has been found that sensation seeking is a robust predictor of risky driving behavior such as violations. Delay discounting refers to perceived reward value will decline as a function of time to get the reward increase. Delay discounting rate represents someone’s tendency to obtain immediate monetary reward or delayed larger reward. Given that risky driving behavior may associate with a trade off between immediate sensation satisfaction and delayed safety income, it is necessary to explore sensation seeking and delay discounting’s influence on risky driving at the same time. The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between people’s delay discounting rate to hypothetic monetary reward and their self-reported risky driving behaviors, as well as explore the possible moderate effect of delay discounting rate on the relationship between sensation seeking and risky driving. This study used internet questionnaire to collect data. 329 Chinese drivers completed Zukerman's Sensation-Seeking Scale (SSS), The Monetary Choice Questionnaire (MCQ) and Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ). The results showed that (1) discounting rate to large magnitude of delayed money (80 CNY) could negatively predict ordinary violations, errors and total risky driving behaviors; (2) discounting rate to large magnitude of delayed money (80 CNY) could moderate the relationship between sensation seeking and risky driving. Specifically, sensation seeking’s influence on risky driving behavior happened only to people who revealed low discounting rate (tended to get immediate reward) but not to people who revealed high discounting rate was high (tended to get delayed but larger amount of reward). This study was the first study to discuss sensation seeking and delay discounting’s influence on risky driving at the same time. The study found that only to people who were tended to give up larger but delayed reward and choose immediate reward, their sensation seeking score could predict risky driving frequency. However, to people who tended to choose delayed larger reward, they may have a better consideration of long-term safety income thus giving up chase immediate sensation satisfaction, therefore their sensation seeking score couldn’t predict risky driving frequency. This study enriched the current theory frame and could be applied to select and train drivers and improve road safety.