健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

摘要：相关研究表明，自闭症儿童的社会技能缺陷是自闭症儿童最根本的问题。高功能自闭症儿童也会出现无法理解他人的情感，无法正确的表达自我的需求，以及严重的社会认知和行为问题。本研究是对一例高功能的自闭症儿童的社交技能，探讨使用社交故事疗法对其进行教育干预的效果。

论文中采用单一被试跨行为多基线设计对一名高功能的自闭症儿童，进行为期12周的社交故事疗法教学干预。本研究设置的目标有三个：主动关心别人、提出需求和自行乘坐公交车。其中，目标行为的明细和数据收集如下：

（1）目标行为

“你需要好好休息”，当同伴或者熟悉的人，生病或者明确表示自己身体不舒服时，主动表达自己对对方的关心，说出设定的对话。

“我要上厕所”，被试有强烈的上厕所的欲望时，明确说出这句话。

自行乘车，选定一条乘车路线。使用社交故事疗法结合场景演习，强化对路线的记忆，当没有家人或者老师陪伴时，也可以自行乘车。

（2）数据收集

三项内容分别进行时间的设定，当任何一项开始时，在设定时间内持续观察记录，实验者、任课老师及父母同时记录。

以上内容的结果为：“我要上厕所”这个明确的请求干预的效果非常好，能正确表达；适时的对别人表示关心，语言“你需要好好的休息”这句话运用的很好，但需要在场景非常明确的情况下才会有明确的表达；自行乘车，由于社会突发事件太多，每次乘车的乘客数量和个体均有变化，此项内容完成情况不理想，但个体乘车行为有进步。

通过本研究得出结论，社交故事疗法对改善高功能自闭症儿童的社交行为有很好效果。

Abstract：Related research shows that，Social skills deficits in children with autism are the most fundamental problem for children with autism. Children with high-functioning autism also have an inability to understand the emotions of others, Unable to correctly express your own needs, and Serious social cognition and behavioral problems. This research is a social skill for a high-functioning autistic child, to study the application of society story to intervene autism child’s problem behaviors. The Method of the Study, With a single subject cross-baseline approach, to an High-functioning autistic child for 12 weeks intervene his problem behaviors .There are three goals set in this study: Take care others initiative; Make request; Take the bus by himself. Detailed breakdown of target behavior and data collection:

（1） Target behavior

"You need a good rest", When a companion or a familiar person is sick or expresses that he is uncomfortable, he actively expresses his concern for the other party and speaks the set dialogue;

"I want to go to the toilet." When the subjects had a strong desire to go to the toilet, they clearly stated this sentence;

Take bus by himself, choose a bus route, Use social story therapy combined with scene exercises to reinforce the memory of the route, and when he is not accompanied by a family member or a teacher, he can also do it.

（2） data collection

The three items are set separately for the time, When any item starts, continue to observe the record within the set time. The experimenter, the teacher and the parents recorded at the same time.

The next words are the Result of the above research method, "I want to go to the bathroom" clear request intervention is very effective and can be correctly expressed; Paying attention to others in a timely manner, the phrase "you need a good rest" is very good, but need Clear occasion; Take bus by himself, Due to too many social emergencies, the number of passengers and individual passengers change each time, The completion of this content is not satisfactory. However, individual ride behavior has improved. The Conclusion of article is described like that Social story therapy has a good effect on improving the social behavior of children with high-functioning autism.