中国科学院心理健康重点实验室知识库

目的了解职业倦怠与抑郁的关系,并探讨社会支持在二者间的调节作用。方法于2016-04-01采用方便抽样法在北京协和医院募集护士700例进行问卷调查,内容包括9条目患者健康问卷(PHQ-9)、中国职业倦怠量表(CMBI)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS),分别用于评价抑郁、职业倦怠、社会支持水平。共发放问卷700份,有效回收509份,为排除性别因素影响,以其中的497例女性护士为研究对象。结果497例护士的抑郁得分为(6.3±5.6)分,职业倦怠及其耗竭、人格解体、成就感降低3个维度得分分别为(43.6±12.2)、(18.2±7.2)、(9.9±4.9)、(15.5±5.2)分,社会支持得分为(41.6±7.0)分。层次回归分析结果显示,控制年龄、职称因素后,职业倦怠得分可以正向预测抑郁得分(P0.05);将职业倦怠得分×社会支持得分纳入回归方程,职业倦怠得分×社会支持得分的交互作用有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中,控制年龄、职称因素后,职业倦怠的耗竭、人格解体、成就感降低维度得分均可以正向预测抑郁得分(P<0.05),分别将耗竭维度得分×社会支持得分、人格解体维度得分×社会支持得分、成就感降低维度得分×社会支持得分纳入回归方程,仅耗竭维度得分×社会支持得分的交互作用有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论职业倦怠与抑郁呈正相关,社会支持可以调节职业倦怠与抑郁的关系,尤其是耗竭维度与抑郁的关系。

Objective　To investigate the relationship of job burnout with depression, and the moderating effect of social support between them. Methods　Seven hundred nurses from Peking Union Medical College Hospital were recruited by convenience sampling on April 1st, 2016. The Patient Health Questionaire-9 (PHQ-9), Chinese version of Maslach Burnout Inventory (CMBI) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) were adopted to measure depression, job burnout and social support, respectively. A total of 700 questionnaires were administered and 509 responsive questionnaires were returned. Only questionnaires from 497 female nurses were used due to insufficient sample size of male nurses. Results　The mean score of depression was (6.3±5.6). The mean score of job burnout and the dimension of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment were (43.6±12.2), (18.2±7.2), (9.9±4.9) and (15.5±5.2), respectively. The mean score of social support was (41.6±7.0). After controlling for professional and technical title and age，the hierarchical regression analysis showed that job burnout scores positively predicted depression scores (P<0.05), whereas social support scores had no significant effect on depression scores (P>0.05). After bringing job burnout scores × social support scores into the regression model, it was found that the interacting effect of job burnout scores × social support scores was significant (P<0.05). The moderating effect of social support scores on the relationship between job burnout scores and depression scores was significant (ΔR2=0.009，P<0.05). After controlling for professional and technical title and age, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment of job burnout positively predicted depression scores (P<0.05). After bringing emotional exhaustion scores × social support scores, depersonalization scores × social support scores, and reduced personal accomplishment scores × social support scores into the regression model, the results demonstrated that only the interaction of emotional exhaustion scores × social support scores was significant (P<0.05). The moderating effect of social support scores on the relationship between exhaustion scores and depression scores was significant (ΔR2=0.007，P<0.05). Conclusion　Job burnout and depression are positively correlated, social support can moderate the relationship between job burnout and depression in nurses, especially the relationship between emotional exhaustion dimension and depression.