中国科学院行为科学重点实验室知识库

近几十年来,伴随着全球范围内的经济/社会大发展,人类社会的文化与民众心理也发生了相应的改变,其基本趋势是个人主义正日益流行,传统的集体主义则相对式微。这种变化不仅表现在宏观的社会和文化层面,也体现在微观的心理与行为层面。本文从文化心理学的角度,对反映这一趋势的大量实证研究进行了分门别类的整理与介绍,涉及的领域分别包括社会层面的社会统计指标,以及心理层面的人称代词使用偏好、命名行为、价值取向、人格特征、性和宗教态度、儿童教养与发展模式、认知方式、情绪体验等。除了一般趋势外,研究也显示文化变迁和心理变化有其复杂性,个人主义增强、集体主义衰弱并不是一个必然的、线性的过程;传统文化的集体主义价值在一定程度上具有延续性,多元文化共存已成为当前人类社会发展的显著特色。最后,针对当前文化变迁心理研究的不足,本文建议未来研究应当更多采用追踪和实验设计、拓展现有研究的领域和范围、深入揭示文化变迁的行为/神经机制以及更多关注变迁过程中的心理适应与应对问题。

Abstract: In this article, we reviewed the large body of research examining the impacts of social change on human psychology and culture. Our review revealed an increasing trend of individualism and, at the meantime, decreasing collectivism. This trend manifests on various societal and individual-level indicators, including relationship structures, first-person pronouns use, naming practices, value preferences, personality, sexual and religious attitudes, child-rearing goals and child development, cognitive styles and emotional experiences. Our review also demonstrated the complexities of cultural and psychological change, including the non-linearity of the change, endurance of traditional culture and emerging multi-cultural society. At the end, we pointed out some limitations of the existing research and highlighted some possible directions of future research.