适婚单身女性的基督教信仰与心理幸福感

PSYCH OpenIR > 健康与遗传心理学研究室

	适婚单身女性的基督教信仰与心理幸福感
其他题名	Marital attitude mediated Chinese single women's Christian religiosity and psychological well-being
	赵静
导师	韩布新
	2017-05
摘要	据统计中国当前的单身男女数量约有2亿，独居人口比重迅速上升，1990年仅6%，而2013年达到了14.6%。中国第四次单身潮的特征是越来越多的女性主动选择单身，甚至带动了“单身经济"。这支日益庞大、具有高活力、高生产力的社会群体，其幸福感和心理健康直接影响整个社会的和谐和稳定。与此同时，近年基督教在中国发展迅速，信徒数量达到2300万，信徒结构从原来的三(老人、女人、低学历者)多变成现在的五(年轻人、男性、高学历、城市居民、非功利信仰)增多。教会中也出现了严重的“单身姊妹过剩“现象，处于适婚年龄段的男女比例相差悬殊。幸福感研究、积极心理学与超个人心理学的发展使宗教信仰的心理功能成为科学心理学的研究对象。“对超越性神圣力量的信仰与感知如何影响幸福感“是宗教心理学的一项重要研究内容。当前学术界多从社会学、经济学、历史发展和伦理学等角度研究适婚单身女性的现状、原因及影响，但从宗教心理学视角探讨该群体的心理过程、心理规律及主观体验的研究则刚刚开始。本研究旨在了解适婚单身女性的心理幸福感水平及影响因素，特别是基督教信仰的影响及婚姻态度的中介作用。300名25-45岁的适婚单身女性通过网络填写问卷。其中，信仰基督教者153名，无宗教信仰者147名。采用Ryff心理幸福感量表修订版、Braaten婚姻态度量表修订版、基督徒宗教性量表测查、比较基督教信仰组与无宗教信仰组的心理幸福感和婚姻态度，以及不同宗教性水平的基督徒的心理幸福感和婚姻态度:并分析婚姻态度在宗教性与心理幸福感之间的中介效应。结果如下: 1）适婚单身女性的心理幸福感平均水平较高，不同学历、收入水平者差异显著，不同年龄者无显著差异; 2）有无宗教信仰对适婚单身女性的心理幸福感无显著影响，但有宗教信仰对婚姻态度有积极影响。 3)适婚单身女性的婚姻态度正向预测其心理幸福感; 4)基督徒适婚单身女性的宗教性与其心理幸福感和婚姻态度均显著正相关; 5)婚姻态度在基督徒适婚单身女性的宗教性与心理幸福感之间起完全中介作用。结论:我国适龄单身女性注重个人成长、追求自我实现，其心理幸福感良好且与婚姻态度密切相关;信仰通过婚姻态度影响基督徒适婚单身女性的心理幸福感。因此，可通过改善目标群体的婚姻态度提升其心理幸福感;善用基督教信仰的积极心理调节功能;加强未婚女性婚前教育和婚恋咨询。
其他摘要	According to the data from the National Bureau of civil affairs, the number of single men and women in China has reached nearly 200 million, and the number of people living alone has risen from 6% in 1990 to 14.6% in 2013. The fourth single tide in China is characterized by a big increase in the number of single women who initiatively choose to be single, which even led to a "single economy". As an increasingly large, dynamic, and productive social group, their happiness and mental health directly affects the harmony and stability of the whole society. Meanwhile, "2010 Religion Blue Book" shows that the number of Chinese Christians has reached about 23 million. Among the believers, similar with the social mainstream, there is also a large Christian single women group, and the single female believers is much more than the single male. With the development of positive psychology and transpersonal psychology, religious experience and related psychological effects have become an important subject for scientific study, e.g., whether and how people's belief and perception about transcendent divine power impact their wellbeing. Current research on single women is mainly from the perspectives of sociology, economics, historical development and ethics, while exploration about their wellbeing and related factors from riligious psychology perspective is still in the initial stage. The purpose of this study is to investigate Chinese marriageable single women's psychological well-being state and the impact factors, especially the impact of Christian belief, and try to check marital attitude's work as mediating variables between Christian belief and psychological well-being. 300 single women aged 25-45, of whom 153 were Christians, the other 147 were non-religious, participated. Ryff psychological well-being scale Chinese revised version, Braaten marital attitude scale Chinese revised version, and Christian religiosity scale, were used to compare Christian single women's and their non religious peers' psychological well-being and marital attitude. Similar comparison was also conducted between single women of high religiosity and their peers of low religiosity. At last, the mediating effect of marital attitude between religiosity and psychological well-being was tested. The results are as follows. 1) The average level of Chinese single women's psychological well-being is much higher than the scale median value, and their psychological well-being showed significant differences in different income and educational levels, but no significant difference in different age; 2) Believing Christ or not doesn't have significant impact on single women's psychological well-being, but believing Christ has positive impact on their marital attitudes; 3) Single women's marital attitude can positively predict their psychological well-being; 4) Christian singe women's religiosity positively correlated with their psychological well-being and marital attitude; The Christian single women's marital attitude mediates between their religiosity and psychological well-being. Chinese single women are self motivated and pursue self-realization with a good psychological well-being. status, whose marital attitude and PWB are closely correlated, and Christian belief impacts on the PWB mainly by their marital attitude. So, it is practicable to enhance Chinese single women's PWB by improving their marital attitude. And more attention should be paid to malting a good use of Christianity's positive role in psychological adjustment. Premarital education and consulting should be regaded with more care and be enhanced.
学科领域	心理健康发展
关键词	单身女性心理幸福感婚姻态度基督教信仰宗教性
学位类型	硕士
语种	中文
学位名称	理学硕士
学位专业	心理健康发展
学位授予单位	中国科学院大学;中国科学院心理研究所
学位授予地点	北京
统计方法	描述统计;差异检验;偏相关分析
测验名称	Ryff心理幸福感量表修订版;Braaten婚姻态度量表修订版;基督徒宗教性量表测查
取样对象	人类
性别	女
年龄组	青年（18岁-29岁） ; 三十多岁（30岁-39岁） ; 中年（40岁-64岁）
被试数量	300
国家或地区	中国
统计软件	SPSS 22.0;Mplus 7.0
测验题目数量	Ryff心理幸福感量表修订版：54;Braaten婚姻态度量表修订版：20;基督徒宗教性量表测查：19
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/28680
专题	健康与遗传心理学研究室
作者单位	1.中国科学院大学; 2.中国科学院心理研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	赵静. 适婚单身女性的基督教信仰与心理幸福感[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学;中国科学院心理研究所,2017.

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