健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

本研究报告共包括两个部分，第一部分通过两个行为学研究探讨了中国成年人情绪加工的老化效应，第二部分通过三个脑成像研究探讨了老年期亚临床抑郁者的脑活动和脑结构特点。

在第一部分研究中，研究I采用Go/No-go任务探讨了中国成年人情绪识别加S的年龄效应。结果发现，老年人与年轻人在识别快乐面孔时反应时间没有显著的差异，但识别悲伤面孔时老年人的反应时间显著长于年轻人。该结果与西方文化背景下的发现一致，这说明，无论在西方还是东方文化背景下，随着年龄的增加，人们识别负性情绪的能力都表现出明显下降。此外，研究还发现，老年人的情绪识别偏向(RTsad-RThappy)与负性情感体验存在显著的负相关，这提示，年龄相关的负性情感体验的减少可能是由于负性情绪识别能力下降更快有关。研究II采用情绪和非情绪Flanker任务探讨了情绪干扰解决能力的年龄效应。情绪干扰的解决能力在我们日常生活中具有重要的作用，但关于年龄影响情绪干扰解决能力的研究还较少。本研究比较了两个年龄组被试在情绪和非情绪干扰处理任务中的行为反应，结果发现，在Flanker任务中，老年人并不比年轻人更容易受非情绪干扰的影响，但老年人比年轻人更容易受到情绪干扰的影响。

在第二部分研究中，研究III采用fMRI技术考察了情绪Stroop任务下老年期亚临床抑郁者解决情绪冲突时的脑活动特点，初步结果分析发现，在识别快乐面孔时，亚临床期抑郁者比对照组被试更容易受到“悲伤”干扰词汇的影响，前者左侧辅助运动区、额下回、中央前区、枕下回以及小脑在冲突条件下有更强的激活;在识别悲伤面孔时，对照组被试比亚临床期抑郁组被试更容易受到“快乐”干扰词汇的影响，双侧额下回、小脑，左侧中央前回以及右侧脑岛等在冲突条件下有更强的激活。研究IV考察了静息状态下老年期亚临床抑郁者的脑活动特点，初步分析了杏仁核不同亚区与全脑的功能连接情况，结果表明，与对照组相比，亚临床抑郁者左外侧基底核(LB)与右侧额下回、额中回的功能连接较弱，而右侧LB与左侧梭状回、海马旁回、额中回、颗中回和颗上回的功能连接增加;左侧表面核(SF)与左侧颖中回和颞上回的功能连接增加，右侧SF与右侧颞上回的功能相关增加，而与右侧小脑、旁海马、枕上回和顶上小叶以及双侧枕中回、角回的功能相关减弱。研究V采用DTI技术考察了老年期亚临床抑郁者的脑结构特点，数据还在进一步整理分析中。

The present work includes two parts. The first part investigated age differences in emotion processing between Chinese younger and older adults. The second part investigated the neural activity and neuroanatomical substrates in late-life subclinical depression.

In the fist part, study I investigated age differences in emotion recognition between Chinese younger and older adults in a facial go/no-go task. Results showed that older adults were significantly slower than younger adults in sad face recognition, but there were no age differences in happy face recognition. In addition there was a negative correlation between the facial emotion recognition bias (RTsad-RThappy) and the negative emotional experience in older adults, suggesting that the age-related reduction in negative emotion experience might be due to the reduced negative face recognition in older adults. Study II investigated the resolution of emotional flanker interference in healthy older adults compared to their younger counterpart. The results revealed that older adults were not more susceptible to interference from incongruent Hanker arrows than younger adults, but were more vulnerable to disturbance from incongruent flanking emotion faces.

In the second part, study III investigated neural responses during emotion conflict processing in late-life subclinical depression in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. Nineteen older adults with late-life subclinical depression and 18 matched controls were required to finish an emotion facial Stroop task. Preliminary imaging results showed that older adults with subclinical depression were more susceptible to interference from "sad" distracter relative to control individuals, the former showing elevated activity in the left supplementary motor area, inferior frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, inferior occipital gyrus and cerebellum relative to control individuals during emotion conflict processing, while control individuals were more susceptible to interference from "happy" distracter relative to subjects with subclincal depressions, the former showing increased activity in bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, cerebellum and the left precentral gyrus, the right insular relative to subjects with sD during emotion conflict. Study IV explored the features of resting.state brain activity in latcdlifc subclinical depression.

Using three amygdale subdivisions: lateralbasal (LB), centromcdial (CM), and superficial (SF) as seed regions, functional connectivity was analyzed between amygdale subdivisions and other brain areas. The results showed that compared with controls, sD demonstrated increased functional connectivity between the right LB and the left fusiform, parahippocampal, middle temporal gyros and superior temporal gyros, between the left LB and the left superior temporal gyros, and between the right SF and the right superior temporal gyros, while sD demonstrated decreased functional connectivity between the left LB and the right inferior frontal gyros, middle frontal gyros, between the right LB and the left superior temporal gyros, and between the right SF and the right cerebellum, parahippocampal, Amygala, middle occipital gyros and superior parietal lobe. Study V explored whether individuals with sD showed abnormal diffuse microstructural of white matter using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) technique. The DTI data in the present work is being processed.