健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

情绪是每个人都会体验到的一种生理和心理状态，积极消极情绪是衡量个体主观幸福感的重要维度。多种多样的身体活动存在于个体每天的日常生活中，对人们有举足轻重的影响。身体活动与情绪之间的关系研究得到了众多学者的青睐。本研究试图在前人的基础上探讨日常的身体活动和不同的身体活动模式与情绪的关系，以及两者关系中的边界条件和中间机制。

研究一目的:从群体层面的角度探讨身体活动以及不同身体活动模式与情绪的关系，以及神经质在其中的调节作用。方法:利用国际体力活动问卷、大五人格中的神经质维度条目、积极消极情绪问卷，收集434名研究参与者的人口学变量和过去一周的身体活动水平以及情绪水平。并对数据进行相关回归分析、潜在剖面分析(LPA)以及调节效应分析。结果:(1)身体活动对积极情绪有正向预测作用，对消极情绪没有显著影响。(2)四种不同身体活动模式对积极情绪的影响存在差异，对消极情绪的预测不显著。其中混合运动模式最能提高个体的积极情绪。(3)神经质在身体活动与积极情绪之间具有调节作用，在身体活动与消极情绪之间没有调节作用。对于神经质低的个体，身体活动越多，积极J情绪越高。(4)神经质在不同模式与积极消极情绪之间均没有调节作用。

研究二目的:通过半追踪调查，探讨不同神经质水平个体，自我效能感在身体活动和情绪之间的中介作用。方法:一个月后，对研究一参与者调查，收集29_5位被试过去一周的相关数据。利用process对两次数据差值进行有中介的调节分析。结果:(1)身体活动变化量对积极情绪变化量具有正向预测作用。(2)神经质在身体活动变化量与自我效能变化量之间具有调节作用:神经质低的个体，身体活动变化越多，自我效能变化越大。(3)神经质和自我效能变化量在身体活动变化量与积极情绪变化量之间发挥了有中介的调节作用。即神经质水平低的个体，身体活动变化量会通过影响自我效能感的变化量间接影响积极情绪的变化量;神经质水平高的个体，身体活动变化量直接影响积极情绪的变化写目。

研究三目的:通过经验取样法对每天的身体活动与每天的情绪进行探究。方法:收集196人连续两周、每天早晚各两次的问卷调查数据，包括其第t天的身体活动、第t天晚上的自我效能感和第t+ 1天早上的积极消极情绪状态。使用Mp1us7.0对身体活动进行潜在剖面分析(LPA)，对每天嵌套于个体的数据进行多层路径分析，包括多层调节分析、多层中介分析等。结果:(1)累积的身体活动对积极情绪有正向预测作用。(2)长期的混合模式运动可以提高积极情绪。短期的混合模式可以降低消极情绪，但长期的混合模式却提高消极情绪。(3)神经质在每天的不同模式与积极情绪之间存在调节作用。(4)自我效能感在累积的身体活动与积极情绪之间具有中介效应，即累积的身体活动可以通过提高自我效能感进一步提高积极情绪。(_5)神经质和自我效能感在每天的身体活动与J睛绪之间没有发挥多层的有中介的调节作用。

研究结论:(1)累积的身体活动可以促进积极情绪的提高。(2)长期的混合模式运动可以提高积极情绪。短期的混合模式可以降低消极情绪，但长期的混合模式却提高消极情绪。(3)神经质可以调节整体身体活动与积极情绪之间的关系，还可以调节每天的模式与积极情绪的关系。低神经质水平的个体，可以从累积的身体活动或每天的混合运动模式中受益更多。(4)累积的身体活动可以通过提高自我效能感来进一步提高积极情绪。(5)神经质低的个体，其身体活动的变化会通过影响自我效能的变化间接影响积极情绪的变化;神经质高的个体，身体活动的变化直接影响积极情绪的变化。所以高神经质的个体从身体活动中的受益更为直接。

综上，长期身体活动可以提高积极情绪，短期混合模式的身体活动可以降低消极情绪。低神经质个体在长期身体活动中积极情绪提高更多。只有坚持身体活动，自我效能感和积极情绪才会提高。高神经质的个体在身体活动中受益更直接。

Emotion is a kind of physiological and psychological state that everyone will experience, positive and negative emotion is an important dimension to measure individual subjective well-being. And there will be a lot of physical activities in one's life. The study of the relationship between physical activity and emotion has also been favored by many scholars. This study attempts to explore the boundary conditions, the intermediate mechanism between daily physical activity and emotion, and also explore the relationship between different physical activity patterns and emotion.

Study 1 Objective: to explore the relationship between physical activity、 different motor patterns and emotion, and the moderation effects of neuroticism from the group level. Methods: we used the International physical activity questionnaire, neuroticism items in Big five Personality and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule to collect 434 participants' data. Correlation and regression analysis, latent profile analysis and moderating effect analysis were carried out. Results: (1)Physical activity had a positive predictive effect on positive emotion, but had no significant effect on negative emotion. (2) There were differences in the effect of four different physical activity modes on positive emotion, but no significant difference in prediction of negative emotion. (3) Neuroticism plays a moderating role between physical activity and positive emotion, but not between physical activity and negative emotion. For individuals with low neuroticism, the more physical activities, the more positive emotion. (4) Neuroticism didn't play a moderating role between four different physical activity patterns and positive and negative emotion.

Study 2 Objective: to explore the relationship between the change of physical activity and the amount of emotional change, and to explore the mediating role of self-efficacy and the moderated mediation model. Methods: the participants in study 1 were followed up and 295 subjects' data were collected in study 2. Process was used for mediating analysis and moderated mediating analysis. Results: (1)The change of physical activity had a positive predictive effect on the change of positive emotion. (2)Neuroticism plays a moderating role in physical activity and self-efficacy. (3)Neuroticism and self-efficacy play a moderated mediating role between physical activity and positive emotion. That is, individuals with low neuroticism, physical activity will affect positive emotion by changing the self-efficacy. And individuals with high neuroticism affect the positive emotion directly.

Study 3 Objective: to explore the dynamic relationship between the level of physical activity and emotional level in daily life by experience sampling method. Methods: 196 people were invited to participate in the questionnaire survey twice a day for two consecutive weeks. The level of physical activity on day t, the level of self-efficacy in the evening of day t and the level of positive and negative emotion in the morning of the t+1 day were collected. latent profile analysis、multilevel model and the multilevel structural equation model were used by Mp1us7.0. Results: (1)The accumulated physical activity had a positive predictive effect on positive emotion. (2)Long-term mixed-mode exercise can improve positive mood. Short-term mixed mode can reduce negative emotion, but long-term mixed mode can increase negative emotion.

(3) Neuroticism has a moderated effect between different patterns and positive emotion. (4) Self-efficacy has a mediating effect between accumulated physical activity and positive emotion, that is, cumulative physical activity can further improve positive emotion by enhancing self-efficacy. (5) Neuroticism and self-efficacy do not play a multi-level moderated mediating effect between daily physical activity and emotions.

Conclusions: (1)Accumulation of physical activity can promote positive mood.(2) Long-term mixed-mode exercise can improve positive mood. Short-term mixed mode can reduce negative emotion, but long-term mixed mode can increase negative emotion. (3) Neuroticism moderate the relationship between overall physical activity and positive emotions, as well as the relationship between daily patterns and positive emotions. Individuals with low neurotic levels can benefit more from cumulative physical activity or daily mixed exercise patterns. (4) Cumulative physical activity can further improve positive emotions by improving self-efficacy. (5) The change of positive emotion through the change of self-efficacy; in neurotic individuals, changes in physical activity can directly affect changes in positive emotions. So highly neurotic individuals benefit more directly from physical activity.

In summary, long-term physical activity can improve positive mood, short-term mixed physical activity can reduce negative mood. Low-neurotic individuals have more positive emotions in long-term physical activity. Self-efficacy and positive emotions can only be improved by adhering to physical activity. Highly neurotic individuals benefit more directly from physical activity.