Embryonic exposure to addictive drugs have serious harm on offspring's physical and mental health, especiallly changing offspring's susceptibility to addictive drugs. The study will use chicks as a model animal to study the critical period of embryonic morphine exposure on addictive susceptibility and the involved role of BDNF. This study will concern on avian caudolateral nidopallium (NLC), the presumed functional analog of the mammalian prefrontal cortex. We will utilize increased morphine-induced psychomotor activity by prenal morphine exposure as animal model: 1) using immunohistochemistry and calcium imaging method, we will analysis the impact embryonic morphine exposure on the number of neurons and neuronal activity in NCL; 2) using PCR and ELISA method, we will further analysis the impact of embryonic morphine exposure on BDNF mRNA and protein levels in NCL; 3) by administration exogenous BDNF, we will examine the possible inversed effect of exogenous BDNF on prenatal morphine exposure induced changes in behavioral, number of neurons and neuronal activity in NCL. This presenst investigation not only advance our understanding of the neural mechanisms of embryonic addiction drug exposure on offspring's behavior but also provide basis research evidence for explore an effective treatment to prenatal drug expo
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