中国科学院行为科学重点实验室知识库

在因防控COVID-19疫情武汉"封城"后的一个半月内,对全国34个省(区市)4833名民众的风险认知与焦虑进行了当事人视角和旁观者视角的调查研究。结果表明,(1)基于当事人视角时,不同程度疫情地区民众的风险认知和焦虑存在类似"涟漪效应"的趋势,疫情严重地区大于其他地区;(2)基于旁观者视角,民众对武汉居民的焦虑和对所需心理咨询工作者和医生数量的评估存在"心理台风眼效应";(3)基于旁观者视角,在风险认知上,低风险地区民众对武汉居民的评估显著低于高、中高及中风险地区的评估,部分支持"涟漪效应";研究还发现了"边缘带效应"和"心理可控阈限"的存在。本研究一方面为"心理台风眼效应"研究的"当事人与旁观者"视角知觉差异提供了更为丰富的直接证据,另一方面为突发公共卫生事件应急管理提供了有针对性的心理依据。

COVID-19 has greatly affected the psychological state of Chinese people. This study carried out a dynamic follow-up survey of the psychological state of Chinese people and their evaluation of Wuhan residents during the epidemic period since the day of Wuhan’s citywide lockdown. The purpose of this work was to explore differences in degree of concern, risk perception, and anxiety response among regions affected by COVID-19 to different degrees. Our findings have important practical value for future crisis emergency management. This work included a large-scale survey covering 4833 Chinese residents, and it was conducted after Wuhan was closed. Its purpose was to assess whether COVID-19 invoked the psychological typhoon eye effect of a disaster event. The survey involved two angles, the “actor” angle, in which participants evaluated their own psychological states, and the “bystander” angle, in which participants evaluated other Wuhan citizens’ psychological states. We called these Study 1 and Study 2. Study1 explored the psychological state of residents themselves and the results were consistent with the ripple effect to some extent within the epidemic period, which is the opposite pattern of the psychological typhoon eye. The residents who lived near the hardest-hit areas showed significantly higher risk perception and anxiety. Study 2 explored how people from different areas evaluated Wuhan residents’ psychological state. The results of Study 2 did show a replicated psychological typhoon eye effect in terms of anxiety, and number of psychological workers and doctors residents needed. However, when it came to risk cognition, residents in low-risk areas rated Wuhan citizens’ risk cognition as significantly lower than people in high-risk areas did, which generally manifested as a ripple effect. This study also showed a marginal zone effect and a psychological controllable threshold. The concave effect means there was a phenomenon in which risk perception was lower in the middle zone or middle-risk area than at either end. The psychological controllable threshold is one of the sub-scales of risk cognition. That is, uncontrollability did not show the psychological typhoon eye effect in the bystander portion of our study. This paper further expands and enriches the boundary conditions of the psychological typhoon eye effect of public risk events, provides more abundant and direct research evidence for the perception difference between actor and bystander angle in the study of psychological typhoon eye effect, and has important implications for a deeper understanding of the psychological evolution of public health emergencies and public crisis management.

国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA331);; 华中师范大学中央高校基本科研项目(CCNU20A06059;CCNU20A06103)资助