中国科学院心理健康重点实验室知识库

目的探讨甲基苯丙胺成瘾者(methamphetamine addict,MA)人格特质及其与心理渴求之间的关系,为预防复吸提出理论依据和实证经验。方法2017年8月以广西壮族自治区某强制隔离戒毒所315例MA为研究对象,采用《卡特尔16种人格因素问卷》和《药物渴求问卷》,了解MA的人格特质因子、脱毒期对毒品的心理渴求程度,采用Spearman相关分析探讨人格特质与心理渴求之间的关系。结果MA的聪慧性、稳定性、有恒性、独立性和自律性因素低于常模(P<0.01),而恃强性、敢为性、敏感性、怀疑性、幻想性、忧虑性和紧张性因素高于常模(P<0.01)。MA心理渴求五个因子总平均分为(3.36±1.85)分。人格特质中聪慧性(r=-0.201,P<0.01);稳定性(r=-0.275,P<0.01);有恒性(r=-0.184,P<0.05);恃强性(r=0.269,P<0.01);敢为性(r=0.210,P<0.01);忧虑性(r=0.259,P<0.01)和独立性(r=-0.254,P<0.01)与心理渴求五因子间存在相关性。多元逐步回归分析结果显示稳定性与对毒品的心理渴求呈负相关(β=-3.987,P=0.000),恃强性与毒品的心理渴求呈正相关(β=3.381,P=0.001)。结论MA具有与常人不同的人格特质,生理戒断期间对毒品仍存在一定程度的心理渴求,人格特质中稳定性对心理渴求程度有着负向预测作用,恃强性对心理渴求程度有着正向预测作用。

Objective To understand the personality traits of methamphetamine addicts(MA) and the relationship with psychological craving for drugs, and to provide theoretical basis and empirical experience for the prevention of relapse. Methods A survey was conducted among 315 MAs recruited from a drug abuse rehabilitation center in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in August 2017 using Cattell 16 personality factor questionnaire and drug craving questionnaire to understand the personality traits of MAs and drug craving during detoxification.Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between personality traits and self-reported psychological craving for drugs. Results The scores of reasoning, emotional stability, perseverance, self-reliance and rule-consciousness of MAs were significantly lower than that of the norm(P<0.01), while the scores of dominance, social boldness, sensitivity, vigilance, abstractedness, apprehension and tension were significantly higher(P<0.01).The overall mean scores of the five factors in the psychological craving for drugs of MAs was 3.36±1.85, which was correlated with reasoning(r=-0.201, P<0.01), emotional stability(r=-0.275, P<0.01), perseverance(r=-0.184, P<0.05), dominance(r=0.269, P<0.01), social boldness(r=0.210, P<0.01), apprehension(r=0.259, P<0.01) and self-reliance(r=-0.254, P<0.01).Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that emotional stability(β=-3.987,P=0.000)was negatively correlated while dominance(β=3.381,P=0.001)was positively correlated with psychological craving for drugs. Conclusions MAs usually have unique personalities and their psychological cravings for drugs still exist during detoxification period.The stability in personality traits has a negative predictive effect on drug craving while dominance has a positive predictive effect.