中国科学院心理研究所机构知识库

目的探讨青少年心理压力和对消极事件应对方式的特点，研究心理压力和对消极事件应对方式对青少年情绪的影响。方法以五城市的5870名中学生为被试，采用心理压力问卷、消极事件应对方式量表和简明心境量表进行测量。结果①心理压力各因子平均分显示青少年升学压力较大（3．31±0．91）分；应对方式平均分显示青少年更倾向于用外向的应对方式应对消极事件。②方差分析结果表明，家庭压力男生（2．11±1．25）分显著高于女生（2．04±1．19）分（P〈0．05），升学、形象压力均女生显著高于男生（P〈0．01）；女生较男生更倾向于用外向的应对方式（3．11±0．77）分VS（2．77±0．81）分（P〈0．01）；随着年级增长，青少年除家庭压力外的其他各种心理压力增大，并逐渐倾向于内向的应对方式。③心理压力和应对方式对情绪的回归分析表明，各种心理压力对消极情绪有正向预测效应，对积极情绪有负向预测作用（P〈0．001）；外向应对方式对积极情绪有正向预测效应，内向应对方式对消极情绪有正向预测效应（P〈0．001）。结论青少年升学压力较大，男生和女生对消极事件应对方式有不同的特点，随着年级的增高青少年除家庭压力外的其他压力都呈升高趋势，同时青少年对消极事件逐渐转向内向的应对方法。心理压力和应对方式对青少年情绪有预测能力。

Objective To understand adolescent＇s mental stress, coping style and their correlating with emotion. Methods This research, in order to be tried with 5870 middle school students, adopt Mental Stress Questionnaire, Coping Style Scale and Profile of Mood States. Results Compared with male students, female students had higher scores on stress from school work achievement and appearance（ P〈 0.05 ） and lower scores on - stress from family （ 2.04 ± 1.19 ） vs（ 2.11 ± 1.25 ） （ P 〈 0.05 ）, also they had higher sores on extra-coping style （3.11±0.77）vs（2.77±0.81 ） （ P〈0.01 ）. Compared with lower grade students, higher grade students had higher scores on all mental stress except stress from family, while they had lower scores on extra-coping style （ P 〈0.01 ）. Stepwise logistic regression analysis indicated that high scores on mental stress and intro-coping style could predict negative emotion （ P〈 0. 01 ）, and extra-coping style could predict positive emotion （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion The middle school students suffered more stress from school work achievement than from other aspects. Students who differed in sex, grade had significant different scores on mental stress and coping style. Mental stress and coping style could predict adolescents＇ emotion.

国家自然科学基金资助项目(30470582)