| 其他摘要 | Schizotypy, a subclinical group at risk for schizophrenia, has been found to show similar, yet milder symptoms and cognitive impairments as patients with schizophrenia . Inhibitory control refers to the ability to inhibit irrelevant interfering stimuli or dominant, automatic response tendency and is considered a core component of executive function. Inhibitory control can be divided into cognitive inhibition and response inhibition . The control mode of inhibitory control can be divided into proactive control and reactive control. Research on inhibitory control involved emotional and non emotional domains. Deficit s in cognitive inhibition and response inhibition were found in individuals with schizotypy. However, these prior studies focused on the reactive control , meanwhile, most of these studies were investigated mainly at the behavioral level and non emotion al domain. The behavioral performance and neural mechanisms underlying cognitive inhibition and response inhibition deficits in the non emotional and emotional domains remain unsystematically explored in individuals with schizotypy. Therefore, the present study systematically investigated these issues through four studies using the event-related potential (ERP) technique.
Study 1 used a classic colour-words troop task and t he proportion of congruent and incongruent trials was manipulated to induce proactive or reactive control. The main aim was to investigate the neural mechanisms of proactive and reactive cognitive inhibition in individuals with schizotypy in the non emotional domain. At the neural level, individuals with schizotypy showed differential performance in proactive and reactive cognitive inhibition, individuals with schizotypy showed
significantly reduced MFN and conflict SP amplitude in reactive cognitive inhibition
compared to the non schizotypy individuals , suggesting impaired reacitive cognitive inhibition , while the two groups showed similar ERP activity in proactive cognitive inhibition , suggesting intact proactive cognitive inhibition.
Study 2 used a modified stop signal task which consisted of three conditions based on the probability of stop signal: 0% (no stop trials, only go trials), 17% (17%
stop trials), and 33% (33% stop trials) trials). The main aim was to explore the neural mechanisms underlying proactive and reactive response inhibition in individuals with schizotyp y in the non emotional domain. At the behavioral level, the individuals with schizotyp y showed deficits in proactive and reactive response inhibition. At the neural level, for proactive response inhibition s chizotypy individuals exhibited significantly increased P3 amplitude i n the 17% stop condition compared with non schizotypy individuals , representing impaired proactive response inhibition in schizotypy individuals. For reactive inhibition, schizotypy individuals showed smaller N2 amplitude on stop trials in the 17% stop condition than non schizotypy individuals ,suggesting representing impaired reactive response inhibition in s chizotypy individuals
Study 3 used face word stroop task and the proportion of congruent and incongruent trials was manipulated to induce proactive or reactive control . The main aim was to explore the neural mechanisms underlying proactive and reactive cognitive inhibition in individuals with schizotyp y in the emotion domain. At the behavioral level , there were no significant differences between the schizotypy and non schizotyp y individuals in reactive cognitive inhibition; in proactive response inhibition, schizotypy individuals were less accurate on incongruent trials compared to non schizotypy . At the neural level, N2 and N170 amplitudes were signific antly reduced in schizotyp y individuals compared to no schizotypy individuals during reactive cognitive inhibition showing impaired reactive cognitive inhibition while the two groups showed similar ERP activity in proactive cognitive inhibition.
Study 4used a modified emotional stop-signal task, the probability of stop signal under neutral and angryemotion was manipulated, respectively. Each emotion consisted of two conditions based on the probability of stop signal: 0% (no stop trials, only go trials) and25% (25% stop trials).The main aim was toinvestigate the neural mechanisms underlying proactive and reactive response inhibition in individuals with schizotypyin the emotional domain. At the behavioral level, there were no significant differences between the schizotyp y and non schizotypy individuals in the reactive or proactive response inhibition. At the neural level, in proactive response inhibition, the schizotypy showed abnormal neural activity in neutral emotion condition, i.e., a significantly higher P3 amplitude compared to the non schizotyp y group, which indicated impaired proactive response inhibition in neutral emotion, while similar neural activity was observed in angry emotion condition in both groups. In reactive response inhibition, the schizotypy individuals had significantly smaller P3 amplitude compared with the non schizotypy individuals , suggesting impaired reactive response inhibition in schizotypy individuals
In summary, the present study systematically investigated the inhibitory control functions of individuals with schizotypy in terms of the inhibition content (cognitive and reactive inhibition), control mode (proactive and reactive control ), and domain (emotional and non emotional domains) using the ERP technique. These studies can contribute to the understanding of cognitive deficits in individuals with schizotypy,thus further contributing to the understanding of the pathology of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, which is important for early identification, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease. |
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