| 其他摘要 | Sustained attention in early childhood is a significant predictor of school-age academic performance, general intelligence in college students, and even IQ and achievement levels in adulthood. We found that maternal parenting stress affects children's sustained attention in previous studies. In addition, it was found that maternal parenting stress was positively correlated with couple conflict, and couple conflict was positively correlated with children's sustained attention. Maternal parenting stress was significantly correlated with maternal parenting style, and maternal parenting style was significantly correlated with children's sustained attention. Couple conflict also predicted maternal parenting patterns. Few studies have examined the relationships among the four variables and their development. Therefore, in this study, preschoolers were taken as subjects and the symbol retrieval test were used to investigate the development of children’s sustained attention. And using the questionnaire method, on the basis of the demographic difference test of the principal variables ,the relationships among the four factors which include maternal parenting stress, couple conflict, maternal sensitivity of parenting style, sustained attention needs to be discussed comprehensively and deeply. We need to study the mediation, chain mediation and the development of chain mediation role of couple conflict and maternal sensitivity between maternal parenting stress on sustained attention,to provide the actual data support for the intervention of the mothering-dominated family growing environment and the healthy development of children's sustained attention.In the first study, 95 children aged 4, 5 were selected as subjects., using the symbol retrieval test, to investigate the development of children's sustained attention and the correlation between the symbol retrieval test and the questionnaire test. The results showed that the performance of the 4-year old children with sustained attention on symbol retrieval time, symbol retrieval performance, missing symbol retrieval rate and false symbol retrieval rate was significantly lower than that of the 5-year old children in the symbol retrieval test. The attention inhibition in questionnaire test was significantly correlated with the false rate in the sign retrieval test, and the attention concentration in the questionnaire test was edge significantly correlated with the false rate in the sign retrieval test.Based on the first study, in the second sdudy,222 children aged from 4 to 6 were selected as subjects，and asked these children's mothers to finish questionnaires to investigate the demographic differences, the relationships among the following four factors: maternal parenting stress, couple conflict, maternal sensitivity and children's sustained attention, and then study the mediating effect, chain mediating effect and the development of chain mediating effect about maternal parenting stress on children's sustained attention through couple conflict and maternal sensitivity. The results indicated that: (1) By examining the relationship between the four principal variables and the three factors of the child's gender, the mother's education level and the mother's child-bearing age, we found that maternal sensitivity was significantly different with children's sex, children's sustained attention was significantly different with maternal age of childbirth. There was no other significant relationships;(2) Maternal parenting stress, couple conflict and maternal sensitivity were correlated significantly, and they were all significantly correlated with children's sustained attention;(3) For 4-6 year olds as a whole, Maternal parenting stress not only negatively affected children's sustained attention directly, but also affected children's sustained attention indirectly through the mediating role of maternal sensitivity, and the chain mediating role of couple conflict and maternal sensitivity.(4) The results of the mediating and chain mediating tests were different in children of different age groups from 4 to 6 years old. For 4-year-old children, there was no significant relationship between maternal parenting stress and children's sustained attention, and there were no mediating or chain mediating effects between maternal parenting stress and children's sustained attention. For 5 years old children, the relationship between maternal parenting stress and children's sustained attention is not significant, and couple conflict plays a Mediating role between maternal parenting stress and children's sustained attention, and there were also no chain mediating effects between maternal parenting stress and children's sustained attention. For 6-year-old children, the results were the same as for children aged 4-6 as a whole. In this study, the following conclusions were drawn :(1) sustained attention of children aged 4 and 5 increased significantly with age; (2) For the children aged 4 to 6 as a whole, maternal sensitivity played a mediating role in the relationship between maternal parenting stress and sustained attention of children, while couple conflict and maternal sensitivity played a chain mediating role. (3) The relationship between maternal parenting stress and children's sustained attention changes with the development of children's age. When children is 4 years old, couple conflict and maternal sensitivity do not play a mediating and chain mediating role. When children is 5 years old, only couple conflict played a mediating role; When children is 5 years old,, maternal sensitivity plays a mediating role, while couple conflict and maternal sensitivity play a chain mediating role. These results could provide theoretical guidance for the practice of parenting: Families need to focus on the developmental priorities of children at each age and the main sources of maternal stress, take effective measures to reduce the maternal parenting stress, improve marriage quality, and strengthen the maternal sensitivity consciously to promote the development of sustained attention of the children. |
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