| 摘要 | 体像不满在青少年中很常见，是进食障碍的重要风险因子。从体像不满到进食障碍症状这个病理路径中，诸多因子在起着正向或负向的作用。以瘦为美观念的内化和自我客体化是进食障碍症状发生发展的重要风险因子。负性情绪既是进食问题的风险因子，也可作为中介变量导致进食障碍症状的发生。自尊、身体欣赏和自我容受对防止进食障碍症状的发生发展起到保护作用。建立从体像不满到进食障碍症状的路径，并且明确这些风险因子和保护因子是否在我国青少年中起作用，是本研究的主要目标。研究一以1392名大学生为研究对象，目的是考察BAS-2在我国青少年中的适用性。研究一包含两个子研究，子研究一对840名大学生进行了问卷调查，结果探索性因子分析发现BAS-2为单维因子结构。该量表的McDonald’s omega值为 .912，间隔三个月的ICC值为.82，支持其良好的内部一致性信度和重测信度。BAS-2与自尊（r = .39, p < .01）、自我容受（r = .33, p < .01）、体像满意（r = .41, p <.01）呈显著正相关，与BMI（r = -.13, p < .01）、体像不满（r = -.19, p < .01）、负性情绪（r = -.35, p < .01）、自我客体化（r = -.23, p < .01）呈显著负相关，这些结果支持BAS-2的聚合效度。该量表还与进食障碍症状显著负相关（r = -.25，p < .01），与印象管理相关不显著，支持其校标效度和区别效度。此外，在控制了BMI和体像满意度之后，女性被试在BAS-2上的得分还能够显著预测进食障碍症状（β = -.12，p_corrected < .05）和自尊（β = -.33，p_corrected < .05），男性被试在BAS-2上的得分还能够显著预测自尊（β = -.27, p_corrected < .05），该结果支持了量表的增量效度。子研究二在线调查了552名大学生，通过验证性因子分析确认了BAS-2的单维因子结构（𝟀2 = 173.63, df = 31, CFI = .960, RMSEA = .091, 95% CI = [.078, .105], SRMR = .037），还从形态、因子载荷和截距不变性三个水平支持了其性别测量的不变性。综上所述，这些发现支持了BAS-2在国内跨文化使用的有效性。研究二采用问卷法在线调查了1057名大学生，目的是在我国青少年中标准化SATAQ-4。探索性因子分析发现该量表的中文版有四个因子，即瘦-内化、肌肉-内化、家庭/同伴-压力、媒体-压力。英文版量表的家庭压力和同伴压力两个维度在中文版中合并为一个家庭/同伴-压力维度。此外，中文版量表的女性子样本中有3个条目存在交叉载荷，男性子样本中有4个条目存在交叉载荷。删除这些题目后，最终女性量表题目数为19个，男性量表题目数为18个。该量表在男女生中的内部一致性系数Cronbach’s α分别为.95和.94。所有分量表的内部一致性系数均大于等于.79，整体量表间隔三个月的重测信度在男女生中分别为.71 (p < .01)和.74 (p < .01）。四个分量表之间存在中度到高度的相关（r = .34~ .71，p < .01），该量表与进食障碍症状（女性r =.68，p < .01；男性r =.65，p < .01）、体像满意（女性r =-.36，p < .01；男性r =-.18，p < .01）、负性情绪（女性r =.38，p < .01；男性r =.44，p < .01）、自尊（女性r =-.16，p < .01；男性r =-.33，p < .01）显著相关，这些结果支持该量表的聚合效度。 研究三采用问卷法在线调查了732名大学生的体像不满水平、进食障碍症状等指标，其目的是建立并评估从体像不满到进食障碍症状的路径模型。在女大学生中，自我客体化、以瘦为美观念的内化和负性情绪是风险因子，身体欣赏和自尊是保护因子。此外，身体欣赏和自尊到进食障碍症状的直接路径均不显著，但身体欣赏能够通过负性情绪和自我客体化影响进食障碍症状，而自尊则能够通过负性情绪影响进食障碍症状。该模型拟合良好（ CMI/DF = 4.458，SRMR = 0.054，GFI = 0.987，CFI = 0.973，RMSEA = 0.087）。在男大学生中，自我客体化、以瘦为美观念的内化和负性情绪是风险因子，只有身体欣赏起保护作用。此外，身体欣赏到进食障碍症状的路径也不显著，但身体欣赏也能够通过负性情绪和自我客体化影响进食障碍症状。拟合指标（CMI/DF = 2.974，SRMR = 0.041，GFI = 0.989，CFI = 0.982，RMSEA = 0.085）也支持了该模型。 |
| 其他摘要 | Body dissatisfaction is common in youth and adolescents and is an important risk factor for eating disorders. There are some risk and protective factors on the pathway from body dissatisfaction to disordered eating. The internalization of thinness and self-objectification are risk factors for the development of eating disorder symptoms. Negative affect is not only a direct risk factor for disordered eating, but also a mediating variable linking other risk factors and eating disorder symptoms. In contrast, self-esteem, body appreciation and self-compassion can prevent those with body image dissatisfaction from developing eating disorder symptoms. To confirm the risk and protective effects of these factors and to establish the pathway from body dissatisfaction to eating disorder symptoms among Chinese and to reveal the potential risk and protective factors werethe main aims of this study.Study 1 validated the Chinese version of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) in 1392 college students. An exploratory factor analysis upheld the unidimensional factor structure of the BAS-2-Mandarin Chinese, and McDonald’s omega supported the internal consistency reliability of its scores (ω = .912). Evidence of construct validity of the Chinese BAS-2 was also accrued via its positive correlations with self-esteem (r = .39, p < .01), self-compassion (r = .33, p < .01), and body satisfaction (r = .41, p < .01), as well as its negative correlations with BMI (r = -.13, p < .01), weight discrepancy (r = -.19, p < .01), negative affect (r = -.35, p < .01), and body surveillance (r = -.23, p < .01). Its negative association with eating disorder symptomatology (r = -.25, p < .01) and negligible correlation with measure of impression management supported the criterion-related validity and discriminant validity of Chinese BAS-2, respectively. Additionally, scores of Chinese BAS-2 explained 1% unique variance of eating disorder symptomatology for women:β= -.12, p_corrected < .05; and 9% unique variance of self-esteem for women (β = -.33, p_corrected < .05), 6% unique variance of self-esteem for men (β = -.27, p_corrected < .05) beyond the variance explained by BMI and other body satisfaction measures, providing evidence for the incremental validity of this tool. Study 1 also confirmed its unidimensional factor structure of Chinese BAS-2 (𝟀2 = 173.63, df = 31, CFI = .960, RMSEA = .091, 95% CI = [.078, .105], SRMR = .037), upheld the internal consistency and stability of its scores over a 3-month period, and supported its measurement invariances between women and men at configural, factor loading and intercept levels. Taken together, these findings support the cross-cultural validity of the Chinese BAS-2.Study 2 aimed to validate SATAQ-4.0 in 1057 college students surveyed online. The exploratory factor analysis showed a four-factors structure of Chinese SATAQ-4, namely thin internalization, muscular internalization, family/peer pressures, and media pressures. As compared to its English version, the two subscales, family pressures and peer pressures, were combined into a single subscale of family/peer pressures in the current Chinese version. Additionally, 3 items in the women subsample and 4 items in the men subsample had cross-loadings, and were deleted accordingly, generating a 19-item SATAQ-4.0 for Chinese young women and an 18-item SATAQ-4.0 for Chinese young men. The internal consistency reliability coefficient Cronbach’s α was .94 for women and .95 for men. The internal consistency reliability coefficient of all subscales was greater than .79, and the retest reliability of three months interval was acceptable (for men: r = .71; for women: r = .74). There were moderate to high (r =.34-.71, p < .01) correlations between the four subscales. Participants’ total scores on the Chinese SATAQ-4 were significantly correlated with eating disorders symptoms (for women: r =.68, p < .01; for men: r =.65, p < .01), body image satisfaction (for women: r =-.36, p < .01; for men: r =-.18, p < .01), negative emotions (for women: r =.38, p < .01; for men: r =.44, p < .01), and self-esteem (for women: r =-.16, p < .01; for men: r =-.33, p < .01), supporting the convergent validity of Chinese SATAQ-4.0.Study 3 aimed to establish the the sex-specific pathway from body dissatisfaction to eating disorder symptoms among Chinese college students. Body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms and related variables were assessed on line in 732 college students. Different models from body image dissatisfaction to disordered eating were established for men and women based on analyses of correlation matrix and regression analyses. Results showed that self-objectification, thinness internalization and negative affect were the risk factors for both sexes on the pathway from body dissatisfaction to disordered eating. Similarly, body appreciation played a protective role on the pathway for both sexes. However, self-esteem was protective factor only for women. Both models were well supported by the data (for women: CMI/DF=4.458，SRMR=0.054，GFI=0.987，CFI=0.973，RMSEA=0.087；for men: CMI/DF=2.974，SRMR=0.041，GFI=0.989，CFI=0.982，RMSEA=0.085). |
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