全球化背景下移民的融合压力及心理调适一直是心理学关注的热点，而宗教则是移民最常用的应对资源。本研究以新西兰华人移民基督徒为对象，用汉化简版宗教应对量表探究其宗教应对的心理测量特性，以及宗教应对和心理韧性、生活满意度等的相关性，并通过访谈来揭示宗教应对的各个维度及应对的流动性。研究问题一目的：评估简版宗教应对（Religious Coping）量表（Brief-RCOPE）汉化版在151名新西兰华人移民基督徒中的信度与效度。方法：被试：283名新西兰华人移民；问卷调查。汉化简版宗教应对量表，心理韧性量表，生活满意度指数A及罗森伯格自尊量表。其中对英文原版简版宗教应对量表做了汉化。四个量表分别在问卷网及教堂中施测；数据处理：SPSS21.0分析问卷数据，进行描述性统计分析、探索性因子分析及回归分析。结果：问卷结果经探索性因子分析提取两个因子，积极宗教应对（PRC）及消极宗教应对（NRC），且积极宗教应对的得分远大于消极宗教应对，PRC、NRC及整体Cronbach’s α系数分别为0.859、0.746、以及0.757。第7个和第13个项目因子载荷偏低，PRC与心理韧性显著正相关，NRC与生活满意度显著负相关, 实证效度较好。结论：证实汉化简版宗教应对量表的双因子结构-积极和消极宗教应对两个因子，信度及效度较好。Brief-RCOPE不适用于无固定信仰者及佛教徒，可用于华人基督徒，但有些条目需要更大样本进一步研究。研究问题二 目的：通过对访谈文本的质性分析，呈现基督徒宗教应对的各个维度及应对的流动性，验证华人基督徒宗教应对与理论的契合度方法：被试：10名华人移民基督徒；访谈：面对面访谈录音；数据处理：Atlas ti 8.0 质性分析软件结果：对10位华人移民基督徒的访谈显示移民在文化融合的压力下多把宗教当作主要的应对资源，且多偏爱积极的宗教应对。结果展示了华人移民宗教应对的各个维度及宗教应对的过程，填补了静态横断面研究的不足，证实了研究问题一的结论之一，华人基督徒更愿意使用积极的宗教应对。三级编码结构与宗教应对理论及皈依理论契合较好。总体结果：本研究首次在新西兰华人移民基督徒中使用汉化简版宗教应对量表及访谈分析，呈现了宗教应对的各个维度，与已有的研究发现结果吻合，整体结果与宗教应对理论较好契合。讨论：宗教应对研究的成果可以推广应用至华人移民的心理与文化适应、华人社群的和谐建设以及针对移民的教牧关怀等。此外文化对应对的塑造和影响尚有待进一步探究。
其他摘要
Acculturation and psychological adaptation of immigrants in the context of globalization have always been the focus of psychology, while religion is the most commonly used coping resource for immigrants. This study explores the psychometric properties of Chinese brief religious coping scale, the correlation between religious coping, resilience, life satisfaction and self-esteem, and to reveal the various religious coping dimensions and the mobility through interviews for Chinese immigrant Christians in New Zealand.Study OneObjective: To assess the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Religious Coping Scale (Brief-RCOPE) in 151 New Zealand Chinese immigrant Christians.Methods: Participants: 283 New Zealand Chinese immigrants; questionnaire survey. Chinese Brief-RCOPE psychological resilience scale, life satisfaction index A and Rosenberg self-esteem scale. The four scales were tested in internet and in the church; data processing is by SPSS21.0, including descriptive statistical data, exploratory factor analysis and regression analysis.Results: two factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, positive religious coping (PRC) and negative religious coping (NRC), and the scores of positive religious copings were much greater than those of negative religious copings. The PRC, NRC and overall Cronbach's α coefficients were 0.859, 0.746, and 0.757. The 7th and 13th item has lower factors loading and PRC was significantly positively correlated with resilience. While NRC was significantly negatively correlated with life satisfaction, and the empirical validity was good.Conclusion: It is confirmed that the two-factor structure of the ChineseBrief-RCOPE - positive and negative religious coping to two factors, good reliability and validity. Brief-RCOPE does not apply to non-fixed believers and Buddhists and can be used by Chinese Christians, but some items require a larger sample for further study.Study TwoObjective: To demonstrate the various dimensions of religious coping in Chinese Christian immigrants and the mobility of coping with the qualitative analysis of interview, and to verify the fit of Chinese Christians' religious coping with theory.Method: Participants: 10 Chinese immigrant Christians; Interview: face-to-face interview recording; data processing: Atlas ti 8.0 qualitative analysis softwareResults: Interviews with 10 Chinese immigrant Christians showed that immigrants used religion as the main coping resource under the pressure of cultural integration, and they preferred positive religious copings. The results show the various dimensions and dynamic process of the Chinese immigrants' religious coping, filling the gaps in the static cross-sectional study and confirming one of the conclusions of study 1. Chinese Christians are more willing to use positive religious copings. The three-level coding structure is in good agreement with the theory of religious coping and the theory of conversion.Overall results: This study is the first time in New Zealand Chinese immigrant Christians to use the Chinese version Brief-RCOPE and interview analysis, showing the various dimensions of religious coping, consistent with the findings of existing research, the overall results and religious coping theory matches well.Discussion: The results of the religious coping research can be applied to the psychological and cultural adaptation of Chinese immigrants, the harmonious construction of the Chinese community, and the pastoral care for immigrants. In addition, the shaping and influence of cultural counterparts need to be further explored.
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