With China's reform and opening up and the free movement of its population, a large number of people began to migrate from rural areas or counties to big cities such as Beijing and Shanghai. From the global trend, the direction of population migration is generally from economically underdeveloped areas to developed areas with higher income level, more employment opportunities and relatively rich social resources. Urban-rural disparity is an important driving force for urban migration. Large-scale migration will cause sociodemographic changes, and according to Greenfield’s interdisciplinary and multilevel theory of social change and human development, sociodemographic changes move values from more collectivistic to individualistic, and the human behaviors will change accordingly. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the impact of adaptability on urban migrants, and this study will explore the psychological and behavioral changes and possible mechanisms of migrants after their migration from rural to urban areas from the perspective of collectivism/individualism. 112 native residents from prefectural-level cities in China (Rural residents), 120 immigrants from the prefectural-level cities to Shanghai (Cosmopolitan migrants) & 107 Shanghai local (Cosmopolitan residents) participated in the study. Individualism was measured by Singelis' self-construction scale, attribution tasks and loyalty/nepotism tasks. The results showed: (1) Cosmopolitan residents are more independent than cosmopolitan migrants and rural residents, while there’s no difference on interdependent self among three groups; (2) Cosmopolitan residents are stronger in dispositional bias in attribution than cosmopolitan migrants and rural residents; (3) Cosmopolitan residents are less in-group favorite than cosmopolitan migrants and rural residents on dishonest condition. And cosmopolitan migrants are less in-group favorite than rural residents on dishonest condition. They are no differences on honest condition. Therefore, we could conclude: (1) Shanghai residents are more individualistic than rural residents. (2) Adaption promote Shanghai migrants to be more individualistic which is moderated by condition. Shanghai migrants behave more like Shanghai resident’s while is similar with rural residents on explicit beliefs and dispositional bias.
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