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为家奋斗:工作塑造视角下家庭动机对工作投入的影响
其他题名Striving for Family: Family Motivation Increases Work Engagement through Job Crafting
苏凤然
导师白新文
2021-01
摘要员工在家庭动机驱动下努力工作只是不得已而为之的被动选择?还是家和万事兴,员工是否也有可能在赡养家庭的同时,仍获得快乐自主的良性体验?如果有,其内在作用机制是什么?本研究用工作塑造模型,探讨家庭动机对员工工作投入的影响及工作塑造的链式中介效应。基于对180名销售人员的两阶段问卷调查。研究方法较为严谨。以往对工作塑造三个维度间关系的检验都是基于截面数据,无法真正揭示作用关系的先后顺序,而本研究分别从两个不同的时间节点进行数据收集,第一阶段收集了有关家庭动机、认知塑造和控制变量的信息,3个月后的第二阶段收集了任务塑造、关系塑造和工作投入的有关信息,在一定程度上揭示了三个维度间的作用关系。本研究采分析结果发现:(1) 家庭动机提升员工工作投入;(2) 家庭动机提升认知塑造、任务塑造和关系塑造;(3)家庭动机通过认知塑造,再到关系塑造的链式中介作用,提升工作投入。这说明家庭动机高的员工,会通过主动思考工作意义,自发调整工作特征,来提高其工作投入程度。本研究丰富了家庭动机和工作塑造领域的研究,也为管理实践活动提供了建议和指导。本研究丰富了工作塑造和工作动机领域有关的研究,同时也为管理实践活动提供了建议和指导。将家庭动机引入到工作塑造的研究中,为工作塑造的有关研究提供了新的视角。以往对工作塑造前因变量的探索集中在满足塑造者自身需要的角度,众多研究表明,员工的自我效能感,工作自主性,积极的领导行为(比如授权型领导、服务型领导等)具有赋能作用,可以促进工作塑造行为。本研究则证明,使家庭受益的动机也可以使员工有理由并有精力进行工作塑造,通过对工作特征在物理或认知层面的自我调整来改善自身的工作状态。从家庭角度入手,探讨工作塑造的驱动因素,是值得后续研究关注的新方向。此外,本研究还发现,工作塑造的三个维度(认知塑造,任务塑造和关系塑造)并不是并行的,而是存在先后次序关系。如本研究结果所示,员工先进行认知层面的调整,再进行任务或关系层面调整的逻辑作用关系。
其他摘要Family is considered to be an important component of the individual's self. Extant research of work-family interface adopts a resource-based view and argue that family-work enrichment exists when individual’s family is resource-providing for his/her work, while family-work conflict emerges when the family is resource-depleting. Differently from that have recently suggested a third pathway—the motivational pathway, and argue that family is also an important source of work motivation. They propose the construct of family motivation and show that employees with high family motivation have a stronger feeling of energy and vitality at work. Extending the motivational view, the current study aims to explore the mechanism through which family motivation boosts work vitality. Authors posit that family motivation enhances employees’ work engagement through the mediating effect of job crafting. Furthermore, they hypothesize a chain mediation model in which dimensions of job crafting links family motivation to work engagement.Based on the model of job crafting, we collected survey data from salespeople in a medium-sized pharmaceutical company located in China. We employed the hierarchical regression to test all the hypotheses, coupled with PROCESS procedure and bootstrapping technique to test the chain mediation effect. Results indicated that: (1) family motivation was positively related to employees’ work engagement; (2) family motivation was positively associated with all three dimensions of job crafting; (3) the chain mediating effect of cognitive crafting à relational crafting was supported in linking family motivation to work engagement, while the chain mediating effect of cognitive crafting à task crafting was not. Therefore, the current study provided the evidence for the mediating role of job crafting between family motivation and work engagement. And employees with high family motivation reconstruct their views on work at the cognitive level, and then perform relational crafting to improve their work engagement. This study had three major contributions. First, the study further reveals the internal mechanism of family motivation affecting employees’ work vitality. Second, the study provides a new perspective for research related to job crafting, that is, in addition to meeting their own needs, benefiting their families can also drive employees to crafting their job. Third, the study provided that the three dimensions of job crafting are not independent of each other, but rather a mutually influential relationship.
关键词家庭动机 工作塑造 工作投入 链式中介
学位类型硕士
语种中文
学位名称理学硕士(同等学力硕士)
学位专业应用心理学
学位授予单位中国科学院心理研究所
学位授予地点中国科学院心理研究所
文献类型学位论文
条目标识符http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/41651
专题社会与工程心理学研究室
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
苏凤然. 为家奋斗:工作塑造视角下家庭动机对工作投入的影响[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院心理研究所,2021.
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