Voluntary frontier settlement hypothesize that historical voluntary frontier settlements fosters independent agency.Here Chuangguandong movement-millions of people moved into and settled in northeastern of China during 19-20 centuries was explored to examine its effect on independent agency.In study 1,there were 153 samples selected from Heilongjiang province and 196 samples selected from Shandong province.Independent self/Interdependent self task including Self-report Scale,Singelis Self-Construal Scale,Framed Line Task,Symbolic Self-inflation,and ‘Loyalty/Nepotism’ task were employed to measure the differences between these two groups.In study 2,based on the percentages of popular given names in 7653 samples from 3 high schools of Heilongjiang and 1 high school of Shandong,this paper analyzes that people in Heilongjiang are more likely to give babies unique name than Shandong.In study 1,the result shows:for interdependent self,the score of Heilongjiang was lower than Shandong from Self-report Scale(P<0.05);for independent self, the score of Heilongjiang was higher than Shandong from Self-Construal Scale(P<0.05);there was no significant differences between Heilongjiang and Shandong in Framed Line Task(P>0.05);for Symbolic self-inflation,Heilongjiang were more likely than Shandong to show a greater self-inflation(P<0.05);for loyalty/nepotism,Shandong rewarded friends more than Heilongjiang and Heilongjiang punished strangers less than Shandong(P<0.05).In study 2,the result shows:Heilongjiang was more preferred to use unique names than Shandong.In general,the results supported historical Chuangguandong movement fostered independent agency.From the perspective of individualism/collectivism comparison between Heilongjiang formed by Chuangguandong movement and the Shandong,this paper considered voluntary frontier settlement will lead Heilongjiang to score higher on independent agency than Shandong.The result provided new perspectives for the explanation of individualism/collectivism in Heilongjiang and expanded the compatibility of voluntary frontier settlement in China.Meanwhile,this paper concluded that the ChuangGuandong spirit and the population loss in Heilongjiang might be caused by the interdependent self-culture(the pursuing towards wealth and success).It shed highlight on voluntary frontier settlement hypothesis in another cultural settings.It also discussed its potential contribution to collectivism variations within China.
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