中国科学院心理健康重点实验室知识库

摘要： 目的:调查长期移居高原大学生正性、负性情绪的主观体验和加工特征。方法:采用SPSS 22.0进行统计分析，采用独立样本 t检验比较高原组(成年后移居海拔3 658 m地区满2年的58名本科生)与平原组(从未到过高原的58名本科生)状态焦虑量表(state anxiety inventory，SAI)、抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale，SDS)、正性负性情绪量表(positive and negative affect schedule，PANAS)评分以及对正性、中性和负性三类情绪图片效价、唤醒度评价的差异。两组状态焦虑、抑郁阳性检出率进行 χ2检验，SAI、SDS和PANAS得分进行Pearson相关分析。 结果:高原组状态焦虑、抑郁阳性检出率(67.24%，56.90%)及得分[(44.45±8.57)分，(50.12±10.11)分]皆高于平原组[46.55%，32.76%，(40.19±9.58)分，(44.64±9.17)分， χ2＝5.06，8.12， t＝2.52，3.06，均 P<0.05]。高原组正性情绪得分[(28.16±5.39)分]有低于平原组[(30.28±6.51)分]的趋势，但差异无统计学意义( t＝-1.91， P＝0.059)。SAI，SDS，PANAS得分两两呈中度相关( r＝0.69，-0.52，0.67，-0.62，0.53，均 P<0.01)。正性情绪与负性情绪轻度负相关( r＝-0.27， P<0.01)。正性情绪与抑郁相关度( r＝-0.62)大于与状态焦虑的相关度( r＝-0.52， t＝2.57， P<0.05)，负性情绪与状态焦虑的相关度( r＝0.67)大于与抑郁的相关度( r＝0.53， t＝1.71， P<0.05)。高原组对中性图片的效价评分[(3.06±0.20)分]高于平原组[(2.99±0.20)分， t＝2.01， P＝0.047]。 结论:长期移居高原的大学生易产生状态焦虑和抑郁，以抑郁为主、焦虑次之，并表现出对中性刺激加工的正性偏向。

Objective:To investigate the subjective experience and processing characteristics of positive and negative emotions in undergraduates who have immigrated to the plateau for a long time.Methods:SPSS 22.0 was used for data analysis.Using independent sample t-test to compare various data from the plateau group(58 undergraduates who had moved to an altitude of 3 658 m for over 2 years after reaching adulthood) with the plain group (58 undergraduates who had never been to the plateau), including the state anxiety inventory(SAI), self-rating depression scale(SDS), positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS), and the affective valency and arousal on the positive, neutral, and negative emotional pictures.And χ 2 test was conducted for the positive detection rates of state anxiety and depression of the two groups.Then, Pearson correlation analysis was performed on SAI, SDS and PANAS scores. Results:The positive detection rates(state-anxiety: 67.24%, depression: 56.90%) and scores of state anxiety(44.45±8.57) and depression(50.12±10.11) in the plateau group were all higher than those in the plain group(46.55%, 32.76%, (40.19±9.58), (44.64±9.17) respectively, χ 2=5.06, 8.12, t=2.52, 3.06, all P<0.05). In addition, positive affect scores of the plateau group (28.16±5.39) tended to be lower than those of the plain group (30.28±6.51), but the difference was not statistically significant( t=-1.91, P=0.059). SAI, SDS and PANAS scores were moderately correlated each other( r= 0.69, -0.52, 0.67, -0.62, 0.53, all P<0.01). Positive affect was mildly negatively correlated with negative affect( r=-0.27, P<0.01). The correlation between positive emotion and depression( r=-0.62) was greater than that between positive emotion and state anxiety( r=-0.52, t=2.57, P<0.05). The correlation between negative emotion and state anxiety( r=0.67) was greater than that between negative emotion and depression( r=0.53, t=1.71, P<0.05). The valency score of neutral images in the plateau group (3.06±0.20) was higher than that in the plain group ((2.99±0.20), t=2.01, P=0.047). Conclusion:The long-term plateau immigrant undergraduates are prone to state anxiety and depression, with depression being the primary and anxiety secondary, and exhibit a positivity bias to neutral stimulus processing