中国科学院心理研究所机构知识库

目的：通过横断面和准实验设计，探察儿童意志品质在各年龄阶段的表现差异以及与体育活动的关系；以冰上运动作为干预手段，阐明体育活动对儿童意志品质的促进作用。方法：研究一为横断面关联研究，主要采用青少年意志品质问卷和体育活动等级量表，对一至六年级252名学生进行两因素关联分析，以及各年级意志品质水平的差异性探索；研究二为干预研究，将 44 名一年级学生分为冰上运动干预组和对照组。干预组开展持续 12周、每周2次、每次60 min的冰上运动训练，对照组保持日常作息和学习。分析时间和组别对意志品质影响的交互作用。结果：1）横断面研究结果表明，一至二年级阶段儿童意志品质的提升显著高于其他年级；参加中等强度及以上、至少每次30 min、每周3次以上体育兴趣班的儿童，其意志品质总得分较好；2）干预研究发现，12周冰上运动显著提升了一年级儿童的意志品质。结论：儿童意志品质表现出跨年级变化的差异性特征；参加冰上运动是培养儿童意志品质的有效途径之一。

Objective: Using retrospective design and quasi-experimental study, it aimed to explore the differences in the performance of children’s volitional quality at different ages and the relationship between children’s volitional quality and physical exercise, and taking ice sports as an intervention to explore the volitional quality among children. Methods: Study one used Adolescent Volition Questionnaire (AVQ) and Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3) to investigate the association between volitional quality and physical activity level among 252 students from grade 1 to 6. Study two was longitudinal study with 44 students in grade 1 dividing into sports training group and the control group. The ice sports training program lasted 12 weeks, 60 minutes twice a week, while the control group maintained daily routine. Results: 1) Study one showed that the improvement of children’s volitional quality from grade 1 to grade 2 was significantly higher than other cross-grade changes. Children who participated in sports interest class with moderate intensity, above 30 minutes each time, and 3 times per week exhibited higher scores on the total score of volitional quality. 2) Study two showed that the intervention group exhibited significantly higher performance of volitional quality than those in the control group. Conclusions: Children’s volitional quality shows different characteristics of changes across grades. Ice sports training is one of the effective strategy to improve children’s volitional quality.

国家自然科学基金项目（31671163）