| 其他摘要 | Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), as a special behavioral addiction, is rapidly developing into a public health concern in China and even over the world. Although previous studies have investigated the mechanism of IGD, most of these studies ignore the great heterogeneity among individuals with IGD, which hinders the development of accurate diagnosis and intervention of IGD. Based on the three studies in this thesis, we attempt to establish a unified model for measuring the heterogeneity of IGD, clarify the psychological mechanism of the heterogeneity, and further shed light on the cognitive mechanism behind this heterogeneity.
In Study 1, we analyzed the behavioral patterns of 307 gamers through questionnaire and logistic regression, to establish the link between the "symptoms and problems" biaxial model used to represent the heterogeneity of addiction behaviors, and the temporal pattern of IGD. The results show that the biaxial model can effectively predict whether IGDs would attempt to quit their addictive behaviors and whether they succeed, accordingly influencing the temporal pattern of individual’s addiction. The results reveal the inter-dependence between different modes of IGD heterogeneity, support the biaxial model as an effective method to represent the heterogeneity of IGD.
In Study 2, based on the questionnaire results of 307 subjects in study 1, we further established a structural equation model with potential factors including biaxial model, personality traits, affective factor, and protective factors of IGD, trying to clarify the psychological mechanism of the IGD heterogeneity. The results show that high social support and self-support (i.e., self-efficacy, self-regulation, and self-esteem) could together predict both low symptoms and problems factor of IGD, with the affective factor performing as the full mediator. In addition, high self-support could directly and independently predict a low problems factor, which indicates that self-support might be the key psychological trait of the heterogeneity in IGD.
In Study 3, we aimed to investigate the heterogeneous mechanisms of IGD in group context by constructing the group rewarding task (including self-reward and observational reward) based on "co-petitive game". The results show that compared with the healthy controls, the IGDs show stronger automatic attention to reward clues in the reward anticipation stage (i.e., presenting a higher amplitude at P200). Furthermore, we find that problematic IGDs show stronger automatic cognitive mechanisms, indicated by a larger P200 compared to symptoms-IGDs subtype and a smaller SPN difference between self-reward and observational reward conditions; meanwhile, P200 amplitude in observational condition shows a significant correlation with IGD’s problems, which might be the key neural marker for classification of IGD subtypes and might be associated with the self-support trait mentioned in study 2. The results could deepen our insights into the heterogeneity of IGD and provide an important theoretical basis for the accurate diagnosis and effective intervention of IGD.
To sum up, the thesis validates the measurement model of the IGD heterogeneity, investigates the psychological mechanism of the development of IGD heterogeneity, and clarifies the cognitive mechanism of IGD heterogeneity in the group context. These results not only deepen our understanding of the development and individual differences of IGD but provide important evidence for further diagnosis of addiction heterogeneity. Based on this, it could be expected to develop accurate diagnosis and individual intervention approaches for individuals with IGD in the future, which can more scientifically and efficiently ensure the well-being of teenagers in the Internet age. |
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