2019 年 12 月，新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)引起的肺炎疫情爆发，并迅速蔓延至全国。由于疫情的传染性和致命性，它的广泛爆发对人们的心理健康产生了实质性的巨大负面影响。近年来，随着新型统计技术的不断涌现，研究者们逐渐将视角从以变量为中心转换为以个体为中心，开始探索关于创伤事件后个体心理应激的群体异质性，然而，在这其中关于重大突发公共卫生事件后群体抑郁的研究仍然屈指可数。本研究从青少年的角度出发，采用追踪设计，目的在于了解疫情期间青少年抑郁症状的发展变化以及相关影响因素。在新冠肺炎疫情爆发后，对湖北省某所中学的青少年学生进行了全程 12 个月，共 4 次的纵向追踪调查，以探讨疫情爆发后一年内青少年抑郁的整体发展模式、是否存在分类轨迹及其特点、以及哪些因素会影响轨迹的变化等。研究结果显示，疫情爆发后一年内青少年抑郁整体呈先上升后下降的倒 U 型趋势，且四次抑郁检出率差异和性别差异均不显著。青少年抑郁的发展存在个体异质性，具体可分为三类不同的发展轨迹，分别为心理韧性组（88.89%）、心理恢复组（5.62%）和持续受损组（5.49%）。年级、家庭经济水平、获取信息的途径、韧性水平、焦虑水平、创伤后应激障碍等均是影响疫情后青少年抑郁变化轨迹的重要风险因素，较高的年级、利用网络自媒体等方式获取疫情信息、心理韧性水平较低、以及在疫情爆发早期出现焦虑、创伤后应激障碍的个体均呈现出更差的发展模式。研究结果为今后重大突发公共卫生事件后的青少年心理援助提供了一定的参考，有利于帮助当地政府更好的实施心理干预。
其他摘要
In December 2019, the outbreak of pneumonia caused by New Coronavirus(COVID-19) broke out rapidly and spread all over the country. Due to the infectivityand lethality of the epidemic, its widespread outbreak has had a substantial and hugenegative impact on people's mental health. In recent years, with the continuousemergence of new statistical technologies, researchers have gradually changed theirperspective from variable centered to individual centered, and began to explore thegroup heterogeneity of individual psychological stress after traumatic events.However, there are still few studies on group depression after major public healthemergencies. From the perspective of novel coronavirus pneumonia, a longitudinaltracking survey was conducted among adolescents in a secondary school in Hubeiprovince for 4 months. The longitudinal development of the depression wasinvestigated in a longitudinal fashion of 4 months. The overall development pattern,classification and characteristics of adolescent depression and factors affecting thetrajectory were discussed. The results showed that within one year after the outbreakof the epidemic, adolescent depression showed an overall downward trend, and thegender difference was not significant. There are individual heterogeneity in thedevelopment of adolescent depression, which can be divided into three differentdevelopmenttracks:psychologicalresiliencegroup(88.89%),psychologicalrecovery group (5.62%) and sustained impairment group (5.49%). Grade, familyeconomiclevel,accesstoinformation,resiliencelevel,anxietylevelandpost-traumatic stress response are all important risk factors affecting the changetrack of adolescent depression after the epidemic. Individuals with higher grade,access to epidemic information through online self media, low level of psychologicalresilience, anxiety and PTSD in the early stage of the epidemic show a worsedevelopment model. The purpose of this study is to understand the development andchanges of adolescent depression and related influencing factors during the epidemic, help the local government better implement psychological intervention, and providesome reference for adolescent psychological assistance after major public healthemergencies in the future.
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