中国科学院行为科学重点实验室知识库

面孔视错觉现象表现为个体从其他事物中感知到并不存在的面孔.面孔视错觉要素已广泛应用于艺术、广告及商品中, 起到吸引注意、促进消费的作用.同时, 先前的研究通过采用各种范式, 发现患者在面孔视错觉的产生上同常人的差异, 以及视错觉与视幻觉之间的联系.根据视觉加工通路的不同, 相关范式可分为视错觉监测范式, 以及视错觉辨认范式.前者侧重于基于提取的类面孔特征所做出的快速预测, 后者侧重于主观期望引导个体对物体特征的提取, 两者最终均会影响到后续的认知判断.日后研究可从面孔视错觉的发生机制出发, 结合自上而下和自下而上两种加工通路, 为面孔视错觉产生机制提供理论依据, 并拓宽该要素在临床诊断及商业广告领域上的应用.

Metaphors are extensively used in psychotherapy, featuring high creativity, strong memory retention, and increased cognitive involvement. They possess cognitive processing superiority in fundamental theories of linguistics and psychology. At the same time, psychotherapy perspectives suggest the unique role of metaphors in enhancing therapeutic information transmission due to unconscious meaning exchanges, schema restructuring, and intuition experiences. Based on these theories, existing empirical studies reveal that the therapies using metaphors have greater intervention effects compared with those that do not. The neuropsychological mechanisms primarily stem from metaphor-triggered creative insight, long-term memory, and cognitive involvement. Future research should examine the advantages of metaphor use by setting more rigorous control groups, using metaphor-related measurements and exploring mechanisms further. Finally, practical applications on cost-efficient public mental health service programs with therapeutic metaphors are suggested.

国家自然科学基金中德重大国际合作项目(NSFC 62061136001/DFG TRR-169)。