社会与工程心理学研究室知识库

坚毅，作为一种积极心理品质，指的是对设定目标的坚持努力和持久的热情。随着社会的发展，竞争越来越激烈，国内学者也越来越关注坚毅这项心理品质的研究。美国华裔心理学家Angela Duckworth从2005年以来的大量研究发现，比起考试成绩、样貌以及智商等，坚毅更能促进个体成功。作为国家的未来，青少年正处在身体和心理发展的重要阶段，同时面临学业的竞争、学校适应、升学考试等诸多压力，其能否结合自身兴趣树立长远目标并且坚持不懈地努力，既关系到青少年的个人成长也关系到国家的长远发展。因此，研究中学生坚毅品质的影响因素非常重要。

本研究旨在总结、分析以往研究的基础上，探讨高中生坚毅、父母教养方式、希望感以及自我概念清晰性的关系。通过采用坚毅量表、父母教养方式量表、希望感量表和自我概念清晰性量表进行问卷调查，向甘肃某中学的高中学生发放问卷880份，共回收有效问卷850份，有效率96.5%。研究结果显示，坚毅在年级、年龄、家庭结构等方面的差异均不显著，而在父母在外务工这一变量上边缘显著，即父母双方均在外务工的学生坚毅水平最低，显著低于仅父亲在外务工和父母双方均在家乡陪伴的学生，可见母亲的陪伴对高中生的坚毅品质影响更重要。相关及回归分析的结果表明，积极的父母教养方式与坚毅成正相关，与希望感成正相关，希望感与坚毅成正相关;中介效应分析发现，希望感在父母的教养方式与坚毅的关系中起到部分中介作用;而调节效应分析则发现，自我概念清晰性能增强父母教养方式对希望感的正向预测作用。通过带调节的中介作用模型检验，结果表明，自我概念清晰性对希望感在父母教养方式与坚毅的中介效应中起到调节的作用。

本研究的贡献在于揭示了积极的父母教养方式与坚毅的关系以及希望感和自我概念清晰性在其间所起的作用，这丰富了相关领域的研究成果，也有利于指导学校和家长对高中生坚毅品质的培养。

Grit refers to the persistence and passion for long-term goals Duckworth(2007). It has two dimensions: consistency of interests and persistence of efforts. With the increasingly fierce social competition, more and more domestic scholars pay high attention to the positive psychological quality of grit. Duckworth has found that grit can promote individual success more than test scores, appearance, and IQ from much investigations since 2005. Teenagers are the future of the country. And it is an important period of physical development and mental development. They are also faced with many pressures such as academic competition, school adaptation, entrance examinations, and so on. Whether they can combine their own interests to establish long-term goals and make unremitting efforts is related to the youth personal growth, also related to the long-term development of the country. Therefore, it is extremely meaningful to study the factors that influence the grit of teenagers.

The purpose of this study is to summarize and analyze previous studies and explore the relationships among high school students' grit, parental rearing style, sense of hope, and clarity of self-concept. By using the Grit Scale, Parental Rearing Style Scale, Hope Scale, and Self-Concept Clarity Scale to conduct questionnaire surveys, 880 questionnaires were distributed to high school students in a middle school in Gansu, and a total of 850 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective rate of 96.5%. The results show that grit is not significantly different in gender, grade, age, household registration, whether it is only child or not, and family structure. However, there is a significant marginal difference in the variable of parents working outside, that is, students with both parents working outside have the lowest grit level. Significantly lower than the students whose father's migrant workers and parents are accompanied by their hometown. The results of correlation and regression analysis show that parenting style is positively related to grit, positively related to hope, and hope is positively related to grit; The mediating effect analysis found that the sense of hope played a part of the mediating role in the relationship between parental rearing styles and grit, while the moderating effect analysis found that the clarity of self-concept enhanced the positive predictive effect of parental rearing styles on the sense of hope. Through the mediation model test with adjustment, the results show that the clarity of self-concept plays a moderating role in the indirect effect of parenting style and grit on hope.

The contribution of this research lies in the discovery of the relationship between parental rearing styles on grit and the role of hope and clarity of self-concept. It has enriched research results in related fields and is also conducive to guiding schools and parents to train the grit of high school students.