| 其他摘要 | Anxiety is a common psychological problem among children and adolescents. It not only has a negative impact on individual studies, social adaptation and interpersonal communication, but also indicates that serious clinical psychiatric diseases such as anxiety disorder and depression will occur in the future. The occurrence and development of anxiety is usually the result of chronic stress. The primary school students in China have been exposed to a series of chronic stressors for a long time, such as too much homework, insufficient sleep, lack of exercise, too long use of electronic products, and too many after-school training classes. In order to reduce students' homework burden and off campus training burden, in July 2021，the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council issued the Opinions on Further Reducing Students' homework burden and off campus training burden in compulsory education (referred to as "double reduction"). Although the "double reduction" policy does not clearly indicate that its goal includes alleviating students' anxiety level, according to Brownfin Brenner's ecosystem theory, education policy, as a part of the external environment system, will inevitably affect individual psychological development. In particular, the implementation of this policy will fundamentally reduce the level of the five chronic stressors mentioned above, so as to alleviate the harm of chronic stressors to students' mental health and reduce their anxiety level. The double reduction policy has been implemented for 3 months since the beginning of this research. Whether the policy has achieved the expected effect and has played a role in protecting the mental health of primary school students needs to be verified by empirical research.
Therefore, this study intends to investigate the implementation of "double reduction", compare the changes of five chronic stressors before and after "double reduction", such as homework, exercise, sleep, electronic product use, and training classes, and investigate the correlation between chronic stressors and anxiety of primary school students. In addition, according to the theory of self-determination, autonomous will can alleviate the negative effects of chronic stressors. This study chose the training class as a chronic stressor to investigate the regulatory role of students' autonomy in the relationship between stressors and anxiety.
Study 1 used the questionnaire compiled by the National Mental Health Assessment and Development Center of the Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to measure the working time, sleep time, exercise time and electronic product use time of primary school students before and after double reduction, and used the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2) to measure the anxiety level. To analyze the changes in these items of primary school students before and after the "double reduction" policy, and its correlation with anxiety. The results showed that the working time was significantly reduced after "double reduction"; Sleep duration increased significantly; The use time of electronic products is significantly reduced; The exercise duration increased, but the difference was not significant. The anxiety level of pupils was positively correlated with the length of homework and the use of electronic products; It was negatively correlated with sleep duration and exercise duration. The second study further verified the regulatory role of autonomy will between the number of training classes and anxiety. Compared with that before the "double reduction", the number of discipline off campus training decreased significantly, while the number of non discipline off campus training had no significant difference; The number of discipline and non discipline training classes positively predicted anxiety; Students' willingness to participate in after-school training negatively predicted anxiety; Students' willingness to participate in after-school training moderates the number of after-school training classes and anxiety.
Through the two studies, the paper verified the relationship between homework duration, sleep duration, exercise duration, electronic product use duration, and the number of after-school training classes and pupils' anxiety, which provided empirical evidence for the positive effect of the "double reduction policy".The research has verified that "double reduction" can alleviate and protect pupils' anxiety.At the same time, through testing the moderating effect of primary school students' autonomous will on the number of after-school training classes and the relationship between anxiety, we can provide guidance for parents on how to choose and arrange the after-school time of primary school students and provided clues for how to further alleviate the harm of chronic stressors to students' mental health.It suggested that parents should try to respect students' own willingness and arrange extracurricular projects scientifically and appropriately. |
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