| 其他摘要 | With the population aging and economic development in China, the financial fraud involving the elderly has become increasingly prominent. It not only causes serious economic losses to the elderly, but also aggravates a series of psychological problems such as depression, anxiety and social isolation, and increases the risk of disease and death, that is, it damages their physical and mental health. Prevention of financial fraud involving the elderly has become one of the focuses of the government, but the domestic theoretical and empirical studies are scarce. It is highly urgent and of great significance to studyrelated problems.
Analyzing the studies related to financial fraud involving the elderly on CNKI and WOS of past 20 years with CiteSpace and bibliometric methods. It is found that, relevant studies is increasing recent years, and the topics tend to be subdivided and specialized but gradually focus in psychology. However, there is still a lack of multi-factor and comprehensive perspective, and research in mainland China is scarce and lags behind international research. This study introduced the hot concept of financial fraud susceptibility (FFS), translated the James' Susceptibility to Scams Scale (JSSS) (study 1), then explored biological, psychological and social influencing factors of FFS from a multi-factor perspective, and focused on relationism, group differences and local background, basing on the developmental systems perspective such as bioecological theory of human development and Holistic person-context interaction theory (study 2). The aim is to explore the psychological mechanism of financial fraud involving the elderly, and provide scientific support for policies and regulation.
Study 1.Aim: Translated JSSS to provide measurement tools. Methods: Basing on the guideline of cross-cultural adaptation for self-report measures, JSSS was translated into Chinese and tested within the elderly and the young and middle一 aged, then SPSS software was used for item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and reliability test. Results: The Chinese version of JSSS has well structural validity and two dimensions，and items in this scale have high differentiation and good homogeneity.
Study 2. Aim: To explore the influencing factors for the elderly's FFS. Methods: Study 2 adopted JSSS, Perceived Social Support Scale, Multiple Ability Self-Report Questionnaire, Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Scale, Family APGAR Index Questionnaire and Financial Literacy Test from China Family Panel Studies, and used expert consultation and pre一survey to refine the overall questionnaire. Using difference test, hierarchical linear regression and moderating effect test by SPSS, this study compared the current situation and influencing factors for FFS of the elderly and that of the young and middle-aged. Results: The scores of the elderly's FFS are significantly higher than those of the young and middle一aged. The FFS score varies with different educational backgrounds and income levels in both the two groups. Group of demographic variables has the highest interpretation ratio for FFS in both the elderly group and young and middle-aged group. The scores of the elderly's FFS are significantly affected by educational background, income, family function, language dimension of cognition, and friend support dimension of social support, while those of the young and middle-aged are significantly affected by income, financial literacy, language and visuo-perceptual dimensions of cognition, and the two dimensions of emotional intelligence-emotional utilization and assessment of others' emotion. Age has positive moderating effects on the relationships between friend support, emotional utilization, financial literacy and FFS respectively, while has a negative moderating effect on family function and FFS. The moderating effect graphs support the results of hierarchical linear regression.
Conclusion: The elderly's FFS is significantly higher than that of the young and middle-aged. The elderly with low education and low income are at high risk of financial fraud. In terms of the influencing factors of FFS, there is a big difference between the elderly and the young and middle-aged. The elderly's FFS is significantly affected by education, income, family function, language dimension of cognition, and friend support dimension of social support, and family function is an important protective factor, while financial literacy has no significant effect. This finding implicates that the governance policy for financial fraud should provide more protection for the elderly, especially those with low education and low income, attach importance to and improve the family building of the elderly, in addition to the former finance focused education. |
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