健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

睡眠质量是影响高中生身心健康和个人发展的重要因素。我国发布的《2023青少年睡眠质量调查》显示，睡眠时间不足已成为青少年面临的普遍问题。研究显示，超过20%的高中生存在睡眠问题，严重影响他们的身心健康。正念和焦虑是影响高中生睡眠质量的两个重要因素。既往研究已证明睡眠质量、正念、焦虑呈显著的两两相关关系，但关于焦虑中介作用的研究相对较少，致使通过提升正念，降低焦虑，进而促进睡眠质量的治疗方案受到限制。另外，维族高中生睡眠质量、正念、焦虑的现状及其关系，目前仍没有研究。本研究在维族高中生中探讨睡眠质量、正念、焦虑的现状以及影响因素，相关关系以及焦虑的中介作用，以期为维族高中生的睡眠问题提供新的研究思路。

以新疆喀什叶城县两所高中学生为研究对象;使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI)、正念注意觉知量表(Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, MAAS)、状态一特质焦虑量表(State Trait Anxiety Inventory, S TAI)对正念水平、焦虑水平以及睡眠质量进行评定;收取有效问卷610份。结果 显示:(1)610名学生中137人存在睡眠问题(PSQI得分≥8)，检出率为22.46%。睡眠质量及其部分子维度受到性别、年级、居住地、是否独生的显著影响P<0.05) 。正念受是否独生的显著影响P<0.05)。总体焦虑、特质焦虑、状态焦虑均受到居住地的显著影响P<0.05)。 (2)睡眠质量、正念、焦虑之间存在显著两两相关关系。正念与睡眠问题存在显著负相关，正念能够解释睡眠质量变化的21%;正念与焦虑存在显著负相关，正念能够解释焦虑变化的26%;焦虑与睡眠问题存在显著正相关，焦虑能够解释睡眠质量变化的27%。 (3)焦虑在正念对睡眠质量影响的过程中起部分中介作用，中介效应为62.50%。状态焦虑、特质焦虑均起部分中介作用，中介效应分别为55.42%和48.19%。

综上，本研究首次在新疆维族高中生中探讨睡眠质量、正念、焦虑的相关关系以及焦虑的中介作用。结果表明，睡眠质量、正念水平、焦虑水平受部分人口学因素影响;三者之间存在显著相关;整体焦虑、状态焦虑、特质焦虑分别能够在正念影响睡眠质量的过程中起到部分中介作用。结果为通过提高正念水平，降低焦虑水平，促进睡眠质量提供了理论依据。

Sleep quality is an important factor affecting the physical and mental health and personal development of high school students. The "2023 Adolescent Sleep Quality Survey" released by China shows that the problem of insufficient sleep time has become a serious problem commonly faced by adolescents. Studies show that more than 20% of high school survivors have sleep problems, which seriously affect their physical and mental health. Mindfulness and anxiety are two important factors that affect the quality of sleep in high school students. Previous studies have shown a significant correlation between sleep quality, mindfulness, and anxiety, but relatively few studies have been conducted on the mediating role of anxiety, which limits treatment options that promote sleep quality by improving mindfulness and reducing anxiety. In addition, the current situation and relationship between sleep quality, mindfulness and anxiety of Uyghur high school students have not yet been studied. This study explores the current status and influencing factors, correlations and mediating effects of anxiety among Uyghur high school students, in order to provide new research ideas for sleep problems in Uyghur high school students.

Students from two high schools in Yecheng County, Kashgar, Xinjiang were selected as participants and questionnaires were distributed, and 610 valid questionnaires were collected. Mindfulness levels, anxiety levels, and sleep quality were rated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The results showed that: (1) 137 of the 610 students had sleep problems (PSQI score ≥8), and the detection rate was 22.46%. Sleep quality and some of its subdimensions are significantly affected by gender, grade, place of residence, and whether or not an only child is born. Mindfulness was significantly affected by whether or not one child was alone （p<0.05）.Overall anxiety, trait anxiety, and state anxiety were significantly affected by residence （p<0.05). (2) There was a significant correlation between sleep quality, mindfulness, and anxiety. There was a significant negative correlation between mindfulness and sleep problems, and mindfulness could explain 21%of the changes in sleep quality; There was a significant negative correlation between mindfulness and anxiety, and mindfulness could explain 26% of the changes in anxiety; Anxiety was significantly positively correlated with sleep problems, with anxiety explaining 27% of the change in sleep quality. (3) Anxiety played a partial mediating role in the process of the effect of mindfulness on sleep quality, and the mediating effect was 62.50%. State anxiety and trait anxiety played some mediating roles, and the mediating effects were 55.42% and 48.19%, respectively.

In conclusion, this study is the first to explore the relationship between sleep quality, mindfulness, anxiety and the mediating role of anxiety among Uyghur high school students in Xinjiang. The results showed that sleep quality, mindfulness level and anxiety level were affected by some demographic factors. Overall anxiety, state anxiety, and trait anxiety can play some mediating roles in the process of mindfulness affecting sleep quality. The results provide a theoretical basis for improving the level of mindfulness and reducing the level of anxiety and promoting sleep quality.