社会与工程心理学研究室知识库

随着人工智能、先进通讯和万物互联技术的迅猛发展，智能网联汽车已成为全球汽车产业发展的重要趋势，也是我国实现换道超车的关键。在此趋势下，汽车将由单纯的交通运输工具逐步转变为具有智能性和联通性的移动空间。其中，由于我国在通信和路网建设方面的巨大实力，发展V2X(车联万物)技术将成为引领我国智能网联汽车发展的一个重要技术方向，并已经吸引了广大相关企业和机构积极投入研发力量。但是，目前V2X技术的发展主要集中在物理层面，对车辆驾驶员和乘客在其中的需要与感受还较少关注，缺乏从“以人为中心”的视角切入探讨应如何发展V2X技术的研究。

以人为中心探索新技术的应用，潜在需求分析和应用场景分析是重中之重。因此，本研究围绕V2X技术可能满足哪些新的需求，可能存在哪些应用场景，以及如何围绕这些需求来开展设计等核心问题，开展了文献调研、专家访谈、问卷调查和参与式设计等一系列研究。

研究一首先回顾了涉及V2X应用场景的有关政策、标准、行业白皮书和国 内外科技文献;继而，开展专家访谈研究，对18位智能汽车、智慧道路相关专家进行深入访谈，结合文献和专家的意见得到了40个潜在V2X应用场景。

研究二首先为这40个应用场景绘制了形象的可视化呈现方法，然后邀请544名用户对各场景的潜在重要性和常见性进行了评估。因素分析揭示有37个场景可以保留，其按照重要性高低可以分为“危险提醒”、“公共车辆服务”、‘旧常交通提示”和“车主社交”共4个类型。进一步分析发现，这些场景的重要性和需求频次的评价随个体差异(年龄、子女情况、学历和新技术寻求倾向)变化，比如:年龄因素对“车主社交”的态度差异较大，20-25岁之间的驾驶员更偏好车主社交;是否生育对“危险提醒”的重要性态度差异较大，已育家庭更看重车辆安全;不同学历对“车主社交”“公共车辆服务”的态度差异较大，本科及以下学历的驾驶员比硕士及以上的驾驶员更看重V2X技术的车主社交应用，硕士及以上学历的驾驶员比本科及以下驾驶员更加认为V2X的公共车辆服务功能是较为常见的;除V2X的公共车辆服务功能的重要性维度外，新技术寻求水平高分组比低分组更加看重四类功能的重要程度及常见性;不同性别对四大类场景的重要性和常见性的态度基本一致。

研究三基于研究结论，选取重要性和常见性均较高的场景“及时呈现盲区中的车辆、行人并预警”，对其交互方式(HMI界面)进行用户参与式设计。通过结合用户对信息呈现内容、方式、模态和位置的反馈，生成了12种原型，通过用户问卷调研了解用户偏好形成了最终的设计方案。

本研究通过一系列研究，对V2X技术的潜在应用场景进行了分析，提取了包含有四大类共37小类的应用场景，并对不同群体的需求进行了辨识，最后围绕关键应用场景，开展了具体的界面设计研究。该研究有望为V2X技术的发展提供一定的参考。

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, advanced communication and the Internet of everything, the intelligent connected automobile has become an important trend in the development of the global automobile industry, and also the key to our country's realization of lane changing to overtake. Under this trend, the car will gradually transform from a simple means of transportation into a mobile space with intelligence and connectivity. Due to China's great strength in communication and road network construction, the development of V2X (vehicle to everything) technology will become an important technical direction leading the development of intelligent connected vehicles in China, and has attracted a large number of related enterprises and institutions to invest in research and development actively. However, V2X technology has been largely developed at the physical level, with little attention to the needs and feelings of drivers and passengers, and a lack of research on how to develop V2X technology from a "human-centered" perspective.

Human centered exploration of the application of new technology, potential demand analysis and application scenario analysis is the top priority. Therefore, this study has conducted a series ofresearches including literature research, expert interview, questionnaire survey and participatory design, focusing on the core issues such as what new requirements V2X technology may meet, what application scenarios may exist, and how to design around these requirements.

The first part of the study reviewed policies, standards, industry white papers and domestic and foreign scientific literature related to V2X citation scenarios. Then, it conducted expert interview research, and in-depth interviews with 18 experts on intelligent vehicles and roads, and obtained 40 potential V2X application scenarios based on literature and experts' opinions.

Study 2 first draws a visual presentation method for these 40 application scenarios, and then invites 544 users to evaluate each scenaio's potential importance and commonness. Factor analysis revealed that 37 scenes could be retained, which could be divided into four types according to their importance: "danger warning", "public vehicle service", "daily traffic tips" and "car owner social interaction". Further analysis shows that the evaluating the importance and demand frequency of these scenarios varies with individual variables, such as age, children, educational background and new technology seeking tendency. The attitude of age factor on "car owner social interaction" varies greatly, drivers between 20-25 years old prefer owner social; whether or not to have children varies greatly on the importance of "danger warning". Families with children value vehicle safety more; the attitude of different education on "car owner social interaction" and "public vehicle service" varies greatly. "Drivers with a bachelor's degree or below value V2X technology more than drivers with a master's degree or above, and drivers with a master's degree or above value V2X technology more than drivers with a bachelor's degree or below. In addition to the importance dimension of V2X's public vehicle service function, the high subgroup of new technology seeking level values the importance and commonness of the four categories of functions more than the low subgroup; the attitudes of different genders toward the importance and commonness of the four categories of scenarios are basically the same.

In Study 3, based on the research conclusion, a scene with high importance and common features is selected to "present vehicles and pedestrians in the blind area in time and give early warning", and its interaction mode (HMI interface) is designed with user participation. By combining user feedback on the content, mothod, mode and location of information presentation, 12 prototypes were generated, and the final design scheme was formed through user survey regarding the user's perference.

Through a series of studies, this study analyzed the potential application scenarios of V2X technology, extracted four categories of 37 sub-categories of application scenarios, identified the needs of different groups, and finally carried out specific interface design research around the key application scenarios. This study is expected to provide some reference for the developing V2X technology.