健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

自项目管理引入中国以来，随着社会环境的变化和科学技术的发展，我国项目经理的数量不断增长，在企业中占据了越来越重要的位置。由于项目管理工作的特性，项目经理往往面临高工作负荷、权责不对等、角色冲突和工作家庭冲突等多重工作压力，引发职业倦怠的风险较大，影响项目经理的身心健康与工作表现。以往对于项目经理群体的研究主要聚焦于建筑工程行业，未能体现项目经理群体的整体现状，本研究选择多个行业的项目经理进行取样，以尽可能代表项目经理的群体特征。

心理弹性在项目经理的选拔和培养中一直被视为重要因素之一，提升心理弹性，能够下调工作压力造成的不良影响，降低职业倦怠水平。为了解项目经理工作压力、职业倦怠及心理弹性现状，并探讨三者的关系与作用机制，本研究采用在线调查方法对221名一线项目经理进行了问卷调查。本研究中共包括两个子研究部分:

研究任务一，考察了项目经理工作压力和职业倦怠的现状，及其在不同人口学变量上的差异，并分析了二者的关系，主要有以下发现。

1)项目经理工作压力水平在性别、年龄、婚姻状况变量上存在显著差异。女性项目经理的角色压力水平高于男性项目经理;在工作本身因素维度上，4145岁的项目经理得分显著高于其他年龄段的项目经理;在工作家庭冲突维度上，已婚项目经理得分显著高于其他婚姻状况的项目经理。

2)项目经理职业倦怠三维度中，情感耗竭和去个性化处于较高水平，低职业效能感程度较低。项目经理的职业倦怠在年龄和月收入变量上存在显著差异。30岁以上的项目经理低职业效能感程度显著高于其他年龄段的项目经理;月收入1000 015000元的项目经理的总体职业倦怠水平最高。

3)项目经理工作压力与职业倦怠呈显著正相关关系。

研究任务二，调查项目经理心理弹性水平，并对项目经理工作压力、心理弹性和职业倦怠三者关系进行分析，主要有以下发现。

1)项目经理心理弹性较高与工作压力呈负相关关系，与职业倦怠呈负相关关系。

2)项目经理心理弹性在工作压力与职业倦怠中具有显著部分中介效应，效应占比为15.32%。

在本研究条件下，发现项目经理工作压力普遍较高，但职业倦怠水平较低。这可能是项目经理有别于其他群体的一个重要特征。心理弹性的中介作用是导致这一特征的影响因素之一，当处于相同的工作压力之下时，心理弹性更高的项目经理发生职业倦怠的风险更小。

With the changes of social environment and the development of science and technology, the number of project managers in China has been increasing constantly since the introduction of project management into China, and project managers have occupied a more and more important position in enterprises. Due to the characteristics of project management, project managers are often faced with multiple work stresses such as high workload, unequal rights and responsibilities, role conflict and work-family conflict, which leads to a greater risk of job burnout, so as to affect the physical and mental health and work performance of project managers. Previous studies on project manager groups mainly focused on the construction engineering industry and failed to reflect the overall status of project manager groups. In this study, project managers from multiple industries were selected for sampling, so as to represent the group characteristics of project managers as far as possible.

Resilience has always been regarded as one of the important factors in the selection and training of project managers. Improving resilience can reduce the adverse effects caused by work stress and reduce the level of job burnout. In order to understand the current situation of work stress, job burnout and mental elasticity of project managers, and to explore the relationship and mechanism of the three, this study adopted an online survey method to conduct a questionnaire survey among 221 first-line project managers. There are two parts in this study:

In the first part, the status quo of work stress and job burnout of project managers and their differences in different demographic variables were investigated, and the relationship between the two was analyzed. The main findings were as follows.

1) The total score of work stress level of project managers was (70.13士18.56), and there were significant differences in gender, age and marital status variables. In the dimension of role stress, the score of female project managers was significantly higher than that of male project managers. In the dimension of work itself, the score of project managers aged 41 to 45 was significantly higher than that of other age groups. In the dimension of work-family conflict, married project managers scored significantly higher than the project managers with other marital status.

2）The total snore ofprojeot manager job burnout was (33.01士15.57), and there were significant differences in age and monthly income variables. In the dimension of diminished personal accomplishment, project managers over 30 years old scored significantly higher than those in other age groups. In terms of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, project managers with a monthly income of 10,000 to 15,000 yuan scored the highest.

3) There was a significant positive correlation between work stress and job burnout of project managers.

In the second part, the level of project managers' resilience was investigated, and the relationship among project managers' work pressure, resilience and job burnout was analyzed. The main findings were as follows.

1)The total score of project managers' resilience was (66.23士13.84).

2)There was a negative correlation between project managers' resilience and work stress and between project managers' resilience and job burnout.

3)The resilience of project managers had a significant partial mediating effect between work stress and job burnout, accounting for 15.320/0.

Under the conditions of this study, it is found that project managers generally have high work stress, but low level of job burnout. This may be an important characteristic that distinguishes project managers from other groups. High resilience is an important factor leading to this characteristic, which plays a mediating role between work stress and job burnout.