健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

非自杀性自伤(Non-suicidal self-injury, NSSI)指个体在没有自杀意图的情况下，故意对身体表面造成的不受社会认可的自我伤害，常见的方式有切割、刮擦、敲击等。现有关于少数民族心理健康的研究主要集中在大学生群体，较少有对少数民族青少年非自杀性自伤及相关因素的定量研究;以往的研究表明家庭功能(亲密度和适应性)、学校环境(学校联结)以及个体情绪因素(抑郁)均是影响青少年非自杀性自伤的重要因素，但对其产生作用的过程及机制缺乏深入的探讨。本研究在动机一意志模型、体验回避模型、家庭环状模型和归因理论的基础上构建一个有调节的中介模型，探讨云南少数民族地区青少年家庭亲密度和适应性、抑郁、学校联结与非自杀性自伤的关系。

本研究采用横断和纵向设计，使用家庭亲密度和适应性量表、青少年非自杀性自伤行为评定问卷、流调中心抑郁量表、学校联结量表对云南省某民族自治区少数民族初一和初二的在校生进行间隔三个月的追踪调查。研究一通过spss和PROCESS程序对第一次搜集到的数据进行人口学变量分析及建立一个有调节的中介模型，探讨云南少数民族地区青少年家庭亲密度和适应性与非自杀性自伤的横断关系，以及抑郁在其中的中介作用和学校联结在该中介作用中的调节效应;研究二通过Amos数据分析对研究一中各变量的纵向关系进行探讨，进一步检验云南少数民族地区青少年家庭亲密度和适应性与非自杀性自伤的关系以及抑郁在该关系间的纵向中介作用和学校联结的调节效应是否成立及是否具有稳定性。

结果发现:横向研究表明，在控制性别和年龄后，(1)云南少数民族地区青少年的家庭亲密度和适应性显著负向预测非自杀性自伤;(2)抑郁在家庭亲密度和适应性与云南少数民族地区青少年非自杀性自伤之间起中介作用;(3)学校联结调节抑郁与云南少数民族地区青少年非自杀性自伤之间的关系;纵向研究表明，在控制性别和年龄后，(4)家庭亲密度和适应性对云南少数民族地区青少年非自杀性自伤的纵向预测作用成立;(5)抑郁在云南少数民族地区青少年家庭亲密度和适应性与非自杀性自伤之间起纵向中介作用，并与非自杀性自伤相互影响。

本研究横断和纵向研究表明，良好的家庭亲密度和适应性不仅有利于减少云南少数民族地区青少年非自杀性自伤，也可通过降低其抑郁水平减少自伤的发生;学校联结在横断研究中对抑郁与非自杀性自伤的调节效应显著但纵向效应不显著。本研究验证了家庭、学校以及个体因素对云南少数民族地区青少年非自杀性自伤的共同作用机制，为云南少数民族地区青少年心理咨询工作提供理论参考，对预防和干预少数民族青少年非自杀性自伤具有现实意义。

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) refers to the deliberate infliction of socially unsanctioned self-injury to physical surfaces without suicidal intent, commonly through cutting, scraping and banging.Existing studies on the mental health of ethnic minorities mainly focus on college students, and few quantitative studies on non-suicidal self-injury and related factors of ethnic minority adolescents.Previous research has shown that family functioning (cohesion and adaptability), school environment (school connectedness) and individual emotional factors (depression) are all important factors influencing non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents, but there is a lack of in-depth research on the processes and mechanisms that produce their effects.

In this study, a moderated mediation model was constructed based on the motivation-volitional model, experience avoidance model, circumplex model of family systems and attribution theory to explore the relationship between family intimacy and adaptability, depression, school bonding and non-suicidal self-injury among Yunnan ethnic minority adolescents. In this study, the cross-sectional and longitudinal design was adopted, and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale, the Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Behavior Questionnaire, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and the School Connectedness Scale were used to follow up the minority students in Grade one and grade two at an ethnic autonomous area in Yunnan Province at an interval of three months.In study 1，demographic variables were analyzed through SPSS and PROCESS to establish a moderated mediation model for the first time collected data, and to explore the cross-sectional relationship between family intimacy and adaptability and non-suicidal self-injury among ethnic minority adolescents in Yunnan province, as well as the mediating effect of depression and the moderating effect of school bonding on the mediating effect.In Study 2, Amos data analysis was used to explore the longitudinal relationship of variables in study 1，further testing the relationship between family intimacy and adaptability of ethnic minorities in Yunnan province and non-suicidal self-injury, and whether the longitudinal mediating effect of depression on this relationship and the moderating effect of school connection were established and stable.

The results found that :Cross-sectional studies have shown that after controlling for gender and age,(1)Family intimacy and adaptability of Yunnan minority adolescents negatively predicted non-suicidal self-injury; (2) Depression mediates the relationship between family intimacy and adaptability and non-suicidal self-injury among Yunnan minority adolescents; (3) School connectedness moderates the relationship between depression and non-suicidal self-injury in Yunnan minority adolescents; Longitudinal studies have shown that after controlling for gender and age,(4) The effects of family intimacy and adaptability on the longitudinal prediction of non-suicidal self-injury among Yunnan minority adolescents were established; (5) Depression plays a longitudinal mediating role between family intimacy and adaptability of Yunnan minority adolescents and non-suicidal NSSI, and also interacts with non-suicidal NSSI.

The cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of this study suggests that good family cohesion and adaptability not only help to reduce non-suicidal self-injury among Yunnan ethnic minority adolescents, but also reduce the incidence of self-injury through lower levels of depression.In the cross-sectional study, the school connection has a significant moderating effect on depression and non-suicidal self-injury, but the longitudinal effect is not significant.This study validated the joint mechanism of family, school and individual factors on non-suicidal self-injury among ethnic minority adolescents, which provides a theoretical reference for psychological counselling for ethnic minority adolescents and has practical implications for the prevention and intervention of non-suicidal self-injury among ethnic minority adolescents.