社会与工程心理学研究室知识库

积极应对老龄化已经成为我国重要的国家战略。根据世界卫生组织为积极应对老龄化提出的“健康、参与和保障”三个重要方针，我国政府和相关部门出台相关政策鼓励中老年人积极参与社会活动。其中，志愿服务活动是实现积极老龄化、有效参与社会的重要途径。社区志愿服务活动是以社区为主要活动范围，中老年人无偿为群体或困难者解决问题的社会活动。中老年人参与社区志愿活动不仅对其身体健康、心理健康和社会心理资源具有积极意义，还能为国家社会治理和人力资源开发贡献力量。本研究以积极老龄化为目标，以社区志愿活动为出发点，采用三项子研究，多重数据验证社区志愿活动参与对中老年人幸福感的影响及其中介机制，以及家庭关系对上述中介效应的调节作用。

研究一以中国健康与养老追踪调查数据库中16010名50岁及以上的中老年人为研究对象，采用SPSS 26. 0及其插件PROCESS进行数据处理，数据分析的结果显示:在控制了年龄、性别、受教育水平、婚姻状况和身体状况等因素后，(1)社区志愿活动参与和幸福感呈现显著正相关;(2)社区志愿活动参与和正向情绪显著正相关，与负向情绪相关不显著;(3)正向情绪和负向情绪同时在社区志愿活动参与和幸福感之间起中介作用。

研究二以4643名50岁以上的城市社区居民为研究对象，采用问卷星进行线上调查。数据分析的结果表明:(1)社区志愿活动参与和幸福感显著正相关; (2)社区志愿活动参与和正向情绪、负向情绪均为显著正相关;(3)正向情绪和负向情绪中介了社区志愿活动参与和幸福感之间的关系;(4)家庭关系调节了社区志愿活动参与一生活满意度和社区志愿活动参与一负向情绪之间的关系，具体而言，对于家庭关系不好的中老年人来说，他们积极参与社区志愿活动会提升生活满意度，但也会增加其负向情绪。

研究三采用问卷纵向追踪调查的方式对498名50岁以上的中老年人进行3次线上施测(每次间隔6个月)，数据分析后的结果发现:(1)社区志愿活动参与和幸福感显著正相关;(2)社区志愿活动参与和正向情绪、负向情绪均为显著正相关;(3)正向情绪和负向情绪中介了社区志愿活动参与和幸福感之间的关系;(4)家庭关系调节了社区志愿活动参与和负向情绪之间的关系，即相对于家庭关系较好的中老年人来说，家庭关系不好的中老年人积极参与社区志愿活动会显著增加其负向情绪。

本研究通过三项子研究多重验证了社区志愿活动参与对中老年人幸福感的积极意义、中介机制和边界条件，丰富了活动理论、社会资本理论和社会交换理论的内涵和解释范围。研究发现了家庭关系的重要意义，良好的家庭关系不仅可以提升幸福感，还能帮助中老年人缓冲社区志愿活动所带来的负面情绪，以更积极的心态处理压力事件。另外，本研究结果还为推动我国中老年人参与志愿服务提供参考与思路，为社区治理和积极老龄化相关政策制定提供依据和启示。

Actively dealing with aging has become a national strategy in China. According to the three important guidelines of "health, participation and security" proposed by the World Health Organization to actively deal with aging, our government and relevant departments have issued policies to encourage middle-aged and older adults to actively participate in social activities. Volunteer activities are an important way to achieve active aging and effective participation in society. Community voluntary activities are social activities that take the community as the main scope of activities and solve problems for groups or people in difficulty. Participation of middle-aged and older adults in community volunteer activities not only has positive significance for their physical health, mental health and psychosocial resources, but also contributes to national social governance and human resource development. With active aging as the goal and community voluntary activities as the starting point, this study adopted three sub-studies and multiple data to verify the influence of community voluntary activities participation on well-being of middle-aged and older adults and its mediating mechanisms, as well as the moderating effect of family relation on the above mediating effects.

In study 1，a total of 16,010 people (aged 50 and above) from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were selected as participants. SPSS 26.0 and PROCESS 3.0 were used for data processing. The data analysis results showed that: after controlling for factors such as age, sex, education level, marital status and p场sical health, (1) community voluntary activities participation was positively correlated withe well-being; (2) community voluntary activities participation was significantly positively correlated with positive affect, but not with negative affect; (3) Both positive affect and negative affect played mediated the relations between community voluntary activities participation and well-being.

In study 2, there were 4,643 urban community residents aged 50 and above participating the online survey through WJX.cn. The data analysis showed that: (1) community voluntary activities participation and well-being were significantly positively correlated; (2) community voluntary activities participation is significantly positively correlated with positive affect and negative affect; (3) Positive affect and negative affect mediated the relationship between community voluntary activities participation and well-being; (4) family relation moderated the relationship between community voluntary activities participation and life satisfaction/ negative affect. Specifically, for middle-aged and older adults with worse family relation, more participation in community voluntary activities would improve their life satisfaction, but also increase their negative affect.

In study 3, we conducted three questionnaire surveys (each survey with a six-month interval) among 498 middle-aged and older adults aged 50 and above. The results of data analysis showed that: (1) there was a significant positive correlation between community voluntary activities participation and well-being; (2) community voluntary activities participation was significantly positively correlated with positive affect and negative affect; (3) Positive affect and negative affect mediated the relationship between community voluntary activities participation and well-being; (4) family relation moderated the relationship between community voluntary activities participation and negative affect. Specifically, active participation in community voluntary activities significantly increased negative affect of middle-aged and older adults with worse (versus better) family relation.

This study, through three sub-studies, multiply verified the direct effects, mediating mechanisms, and boundary conditions of community voluntary activities participation on the well-being of middle-aged and older adults, which enriched the connotation and explanatory scope of activity theory, social capital theory, and social exchange theory. The study revealed the importance of good family relationship. That is, a good family relationship not only boosts well-being, but also buffers the negative affect of community voluntary activities participation, contributing to dealing with stressful events in a positive manner. In addition, the results of this study provided implications to promote the participation in volunteering among middle-aged and older adults in China and offered insights for policy-making related to community governance and active aging.