社会与工程心理学研究室知识库

焦虑是一种被遥远的潜在的威肋、所诱发，指向未来的不愉快的多维度的情绪状态，可以分为稳定的特质焦虑和短暂的状态焦虑。它是人类最为普通的情绪状态之一，对个体身心健康具有复杂且重要的意义。然而先前的研究多聚焦于单一维度焦虑的脑机制，没有系统地探讨特质焦虑和状态焦虑是否具有相同或不同的脑网络拓扑机制。因此，本研究将从构建宏观尺度人脑形态相似性网络和功能连接网络及其时间和空间变化以及结构和功能网络拓扑测量关系等角度系统地全面地探讨不同维度焦虑的脑网络拓扑机制。

本研究收集了60名健康被试的结构像和功能像磁共振数据，采用状态一特质焦虑量表评估被试的焦虑水平。研究一对单个被试不同脑区大脑灰质形态(皮层表面积、体积和厚度)分布相似性的测量构建形态相似性网络;通过对不同脑区时间序列的皮尔逊相关系数的测量构建功能连接网络，随后采用滑窗法计算脑区之间的小时间尺度的动态功能连接以测量功能网络拓扑特征的时间变化，同时改变大脑形态指标分布直方图的分组数量以测量形态相似性网络拓扑特征的空间变化探讨不同维度焦虑的脑网络拓扑机制。研究二在研究一构建形态相似性网络功能连接网络的基础上，采用一般线性模型探讨形态相似性网络和功能连接网 络拓扑测量之间的相关关系，并与焦虑进行相关的计算。

研究一结果发现:(1)在功能连接网络层面，状态焦虑和特质焦虑均与右侧脑岛的网页排序中心度呈显著正相关，而在形态相似性网络层面没有显著结果; (2)在功能连接网络的时间变化层面，状态焦虑和特质焦虑均与右侧脑岛网页排序中心度和度中心度的时间变异呈显著正相关;(3)在形态相似性网络的空间变化层面，状态焦虑和特质焦虑均与体积相似性网络的左脑额叶眼动区节点效率的变异系数呈显著负相关。研究二结果发现:(1)人脑结构和功能网络在拓扑测量层面均表现出显著的正相关关系。与体积相似性网络相比，表面积和厚度相似性网络在拓扑测量层面表现出更强的结构一功能相关关系;(2)基于个体差异，左脑视觉网络表现出皮层厚度网络与功能网络特征向量中心度之间的显著相关，左脑前额叶皮层和缘上回之间的连接表现出表面积网络和功能网络的显著相关; (3)结构一功能网络部分拓扑特征之间的相关系数与特质焦虑呈现显著正相关。

综上，研究一发现脑岛和额叶眼动区在焦虑脑网络拓扑机制中的重要性，证明了状态焦虑和特质焦虑可能存在相同的脑网络拓扑机制，并且结果具有高度的时空鲁棒性;研究二从脑网络拓扑测量角度证明结构网络和功能网络之间存在显著的正相关关系;视觉网络、额叶区域和缘上回区域在结构一功能网络对应关系中的重要性;以及个体特质焦虑差异背后的结构一功能网络拓扑相关性的影响。本研究同时从人脑结构和功能网络及其时空变化以及结构和功能网络之间的关系角度探讨特质焦虑和状态焦虑的脑网络拓扑机制，不仅丰富了不同维度焦虑的脑网络拓扑机制，并为不同维度焦虑是否具有相同的拓扑机制提供理论依据，为未来的脑网络研究提供了新的角度

Anxiety is a future-oriented unpleasant and multiple-dimension mental state induced by distant and potential threats, which can be subdivided into momentary state anxiety and stable trait anxiety. It is one of the most common mental state and plays a complex and combined role in our mental and physical health. However, no studies have systematically investigated whether these two different dimensions of anxiety share a common or distinct topological mechanisms of human brain network. In the study, we used macro-scale human brain morphological similarity network and functional connectivity network and their spatial and temporal variations as well as the structure-function correspondence of to explore the topological mechanisms of state and trait anxiety.

We collected 60 participants' structural and functional MRI image, and used state-trait anxiety inventory to evaluate participants' levels of anxiety. In study 1，we constructed single-subject morphological similarity network by assessing the distribution similarity of each morphological measurement (including cortical area, volume and thickness) for each pair of brain regions as well as functional connectivity network by computing the Pearson correlation coefficient of time series on each pair of brain regions, then we used the sliding window approach to calculate the temporal variations of functional network and changed the bin number of the frequency distribution histogram for each brain region to calculate the spatial variations of morphological similarity network. In study 2, we deployed a general regression model to explore the correlation between different morphological similarity network and functional connectivity network from the perspective of topological measurements, and correlated the correspondence with different dimensions of anxiety.

In study 1，our results showed that (1) in the static functional network, state and trait anxiety were both positively correlated with pagerank centrality in the right insula (RH-SalVentAttn FrOper), but there were no significant results in morphological similarity network; (2) in the temporal variations of functional network, state and trait anxiety were both positively correlated with median and mode of pagerank and degree centrality in the right insular (3) in the spatial variations of morphological similarity network, state and trait anxiety were both negatively correlated with CV of nodal efficiency in the left frontal eyes field of volume similarity network. In study 2, our results showed that (1) there were significant correlations between topological measurements of morphological similarity network and functional connectivity network and compared to volume similarity network, thickness and area similarity network show stronger structure-function correlations; (2) Based on individual variability, the LH_ Vis (the visual network) exhibited significant thickness一function associations in terms of eigenvector centrality, the connection between the LH_ Default_ PFC (the prefrontal cortex) and the LH-SalVentAttn ParOper (the supramarginal gyros) exhibited significant correlation between area similarity network and functional network; (3) Trait anxiety was significantly positively correlated with human brain structure-function correspondence.

In summary, we found the importance of the insula and the frontal eyes field in the network topological mechanisms of anxiety and demonstrated that state and trait anxiety shared common human brain network topological mechanisms, the results had high spatiotemporal robustness. Our study also concluded that the positive correlation between structural and functional network in terms of topology as well as the vital role of the visual network, the prefrontal cortex and the supramarginal gyros in structure-function network correspondence, and finally concluded that human brain structure-function topological correlation underlying individual differences in trait anxiety. Study 1 and 2 explored the network topological mechanisms of state and trait anxiety from the perspective of morphological similarity network and functional network and their spatial and temporal variations as well as the correspondence between morphological similarity network and functional network, which enriched the topological mechanism of anxiety and provided theoretical basis for whether state and trait anxiety shared common topological mechanism.