| 其他摘要 | The existence of status gaps in various organizations, including the workplace, is a well-known phenomenon. Employee motivation is largely driven by the pursuit of workplace status, which can provide several benefits such as increased happiness, self-esteem, salary, and improved physical and mental health. Workplace status can also help employees mitigate losses during times of adversity. The hierarchical division of influence within an organization based on employee status helps establish order and promotes effective operation. Moreover, status in the workplace is not stable, so both relative stable and fluctuating status area matter of concern. Therefore, it is imperative to focus on the antecedents of relative stable and fluctuating workplace status for both the employee and the organization.
A large number of studies have found that testosterone, a male hormone that widely affects individuals' psychology and behavior, is closely related to psychological processes such as competition and status seeking, and may be an important antecedent variable affecting individuals' status in social groups. Despite this, some inconsistencies exist regarding research on the relationship between testosterone and human status. The complexity of the issue could be a factor. To contribute to existing literature on the topic, this study examines workplace status antecedents from different perspectives such as individual and situational differences and different status acquisition strategies. Based on the Biosocial Theory of Status, the Dominance-Prestige Account, and Expectancy Violations Theory, the present study explores the physiological antecedents, mediations, and boundary conditions of workplace status in the real world, and elucidates the influence of complex interactions of physiological, psychological, behavioral, and situational factors on stable and fluctuating workplace status at both intra-and inter-individual levels. In this study, we aims to find out how status threat interacts with testosterone levels and influences employees' workplace status via the mediating effects of two status acquisition strategies, i.e., prestige and dominance. Additionally, the study investigates gender differences in the effectiveness of testosterone on status behavior strategies and status behavior strategies on workplace status acquisition.
To test the research model and hypothesis, three studies were designed to investigate the role of three testosterone indicators in workplace status acquisition at the person level and day level. Study 1 explored a causal association between prenatal testosterone exposure and more stable workplace status. The results showed that male prenatal testosterone exposure positively affected their workplace status, while female prenatal testosterone exposure did not affect their workplace status. In study 2, a questionnaire survey was used to focus on whether basic testosterone interacts with status threat at the individual level, and influences relatively stable workplace status through two status strategies: prestige and dominance. In study 3, the journal method was used to explore the interaction between daily morning testosterone at day level and status threat at person level, and its influence on fluctuating workplace status through two status behaviors, daily prestige behavior and daily dominance behavior. The results showed that testosterone could not directly affect the workplace status of male employees at either the person level or day level. However, after considering the moderating effect of status threat, testosterone could indirectly influence the stable or fluctuating workplace status of male employees through the chain mediating effect of prestige behavioral strategies and prestige. The discussion on gender differences shows that testosterone has a stronger effect on status behavior in men than in women, and there are differences in the effectiveness of prestige and dominance strategies on status acquisition in employees of different genders. Prestige strategies are effective for both men and women, while dominance strategies are only effective for women.
The findings of this study offer a biological explanation for the formation of stable workplace status and antecedents of status fluctuation. Specifically, it investigates the moderating effect of status threat on testosterone's impact on workplace status and examines the indirect mechanism through which testosterone. |
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