| 其他摘要 | With the development of society, women's employment opportunities increase, more and more mothers participate in work, and more and more fathers participate in child-rearing, and the traditional social division of labor of "men take the lead outside and women take the lead inside" has been gradually replaced. The importance of paternal nurturing to children is gradually being valued by scholars at home and abroad. But the domestic research on paternal investment is still in its infancy. Early childhood is a critical period for children's prosocial behavior development. This study explores the effect and mechanism of paternal involvement on children's prosocial behavior through qualitative and quantitative methods.
This study is divided into two parts: qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative research part, 14 parents were selected as interviewees by heterogeneous sampling and targeted sampling. From the perspective of father and mother, this paper probes into the present situation, influencing factors, influence on mother and children and expectations of father's parenting, and uses narrative research method to explore the uniqueness of each family. On the basis of qualitative research, relevant theories and existing studies, this paper constructs a mediated moderating model of the influence of paternal parenting input on children's prosocial behavior, and probes into the mechanism of the influence of paternal parenting input on children's prosocial behavior. The study involved parents of children in kindergartens in three different areas and collected data from 395 parents. Independent sample t test and variance analysis were used to test the difference of different demographic variables. Then SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 26.0 were used to examine the mediating effect of maternal parenting self-efficacy and the moderating effect of children's effort control.
The results of study 1 are as follows: Through the analysis of interview materials, it is found that social factors, family factors and personal factors will affect father's parenting input. Father will not only affect children's cognition and sociality, content and state of parenting input. It will also affect the mother's own emotions, feelings of marriage, parenting pressure and parenting self-efficacy in raising children. In addition, this study also found the uniqueness between families through narrative research, and found that fathers invested in active family rearing, children also have more prosocial behaviors; Children whose fathers were involved in negative parenting had lower prosocial behavior, and it was found that children's effort control also influenced their behavior.
The results of study 2 are as follows: (1) The difference test of different groups shows that the score of father involvement is significantly different from that of child sex, father's education background and father's working hours; There were significant differences in the scores of prosocial behaviors of children by gender and age. (2) Correlation analysis showed that the dimensions of father involvement (discipline restraint, encouragement and praise, daily care, support and planning) were significantly positively correlated with the dimensions of maternal parenting self-efficacy (parenting strategies and parenting outcomes), and were significantly positively correlated with prosocial behavior and volitional control. There was a significant positive correlation between the dimensions of maternal parenting effectiveness and prosocial behavior and children's effort control. Prosocial behavior and children's effort control were also significantly positively correlated; (3) The mediating effect shows that maternal parenting self-efficacy plays a mediating role in the influence of father involvement on children's prosocial behavior; (4) The moderating effect showed that children's effort control moderated the relationship between maternal parenting self-efficacy and children's prosocial behavior. With the increase of children's volitional control, the effect of maternal parenting self-efficacy on children's prosocial behavior also increased.
Research conclusion: father involvement can affect different aspects of children through the style, state and content of parenting involvement, among which the most mentioned by parents is the influence of children's prosocial behavior. Father involvement in parenting has a direct positive effect on children's prosocial behavior and an indirect positive effect through the mediating effect of maternal parenting self-efficacy. Among them, children's effort control can regulate maternal parenting self-efficacy on children's prosocial behavior. The higher the level of children's effort control, the more significant the effect of maternal parenting self-efficacy on children's prosocial behavior. |
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