汉语婴儿对早期词汇的理解与表达

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	汉语婴儿对早期词汇的理解与表达
其他题名	Mandarin Infants’ Understanding and Production of Their Early Nouns and Verbs
	陈永香
	2009-06-02
摘要	汉语是否是一门动词容易学习的语言是一个正引起热烈争议的问题。对这个问题持不同看法的研究者采用了自然观察和实验研究等研究方法，且一般采取横向研究和跨文化对比的方式。本研究试图从纵向研究的角度探查汉语婴儿早期表达性词汇中的动词/名词比例的变化，并通过实验研究和父母报告两种方法综合考察汉语婴儿是怎样理解早期名词和动词的。本研究主要结果如下： 1）根据本研究CDI测查的结果，18个月的汉语婴儿掌握的动词词汇要高于名词词汇量，统计差异显著；而24个月时的名词词汇量高于动词词汇量，统计差异显著。 2）根据CDI测查，汉语婴儿在18个月时的动词/名词比例要显著高于24个月时的动词/名词比例。这说明，汉语婴儿在早期（2岁以下）可能更容易表现出动词学习的相对优势，而这种优势可能随着年龄的增长而减弱至消失。 3）汉语婴儿在18个月时的动词词汇量与24个月时的句长呈正相关，相关系数为0.670，p＜0.01。回归分析表明，18个月时的动词词汇量这一因素可以很好的预测24个月时的语法发展。 4）总体来说，只有24个月组婴儿才能通过实验任务，对这些熟悉的词汇表现出“真正的理解”。14和18个月婴儿注视这些词汇的目标侧和非目标侧的时间差异不显著。 5）根据IPLP测试，被试对名词的掌握优于对动词的掌握,男性和女性婴儿对于名词的掌握均优于动词；但是，女性婴儿有一种更强烈的倾向选择物体不变的那一侧（即名词的目标侧和动词的非目标侧）。 6）父母报告的结果表明，汉语婴儿能说（能理解）的名词-动词比例相当。但是，同一批被试的实验测试结果表明，3个年龄组的婴儿对名词的掌握要远远优于对动词的掌握。 7）在IPLP测试中，汉语婴儿看动词的动作不变侧的比例均不超过50%。只有24个月组婴儿看动词的目标侧（AS反应）的比例要高于名词的AS反应比例。可能24个月的婴儿已经开始意识到，动词应该是对应匹配于场景中的动作。
其他摘要	Whether Mandarin is a verb-friendly language for young word learners or not is a hotly debated issue. Researches on children's word learning were either naturalistic study or experimental study, and they were from cross-cultural perspective. This study tries to examine the noun/verb proportion in Mandarin infants, from a longitudinal perspective; it also examines how Mandarin infants understand their first nouns and verbs using both naturalistic study and experimental study. The results of this research are: 1） According to the results of CDI test, Mandarin infants of 18 month old could say more verbs than nouns significantly; while 24 month-olds could say more nouns than verbs significantly. 2） According to the results of CDI test, Mandarin infants’ verb/noun proportion was higher in 18 month old than in 24 month old. This means that the relative advantage of verb learning may be easier to show up in infants younger than 2 years old. 3） The total vocabulary of 18 month-olds was positively correlated with the Mean Length of Utterances(MLU) of 24 month-olds. The MLU of 24 month olds was positively correlated with the verbs of 18 month-olds. 4） Only 24 month-old could succeed in our IPLP study and showed “true” understanding to their familiar words. 14- and 18- month-olds watch the target side and non-target side randomly. 5） According to the results of IPLP study, the infants could understand nouns better than verbs. Both female and male infants understood nouns better than verbs, but females seemed to have stronger tendency to watch the object-same side in both noun and verb condition. 6） According to the results of parents’ reports, all the infants in 3 age groups could understand verbs as well as nouns, and they are quite familiar with those words. However, IPLP study results showed that these infants understood nouns better than verbs. 7） In IPLP study, less than 50% of the Mandarin infants watch the target side of verbs longer than the non-target side (action-same response). However, the AS responses appear more frequently in verb condition than in noun condition among 24-month-olds.
关键词	汉语婴儿词汇发展名词优势
学位类型	硕士
语种	中文
学位授予单位	中国科学院心理研究所
学位授予地点	心理研究所
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/4754
专题	中国科学院心理研究所回溯数据库(1956-2010)
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	陈永香. 汉语婴儿对早期词汇的理解与表达[D]. 心理研究所. 中国科学院心理研究所,2009.

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