健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

环境保护宣传信息作为环境沟通的重要方式之一，是助推亲环境行为的关键前提。科学有效的宣传信息在促进公众的亲环境行为中发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，遍布街头巷尾的宣传信息是否可以有效地引起公众的注意？探究这一科学问题至关重要，因为注意作为认知加工的首要环节，是人们感知和理解世界的关键途径，也是行为决策的必要前提。对宣传信息的注意可能在很大程度上决定了个体的亲环境行为。此外，何种类型的信息更容易吸引人们的注意? 对不同类型环境信息的注意加工过程及其与亲环境行为之间的关系是怎样的？这些问题答案尚未可知。探索环境注意与亲环境行为之间的关系，不仅可以从认知层面探讨人类亲环境行为差异内在机制，还可以为设计科学有效的环境宣传信息提供实证依据。本文将通过三个研究考察个体对环境信息的注意加工过程及其与亲环境行为之间的关系。

研究 1 采用问卷法探索环境注意对亲环境行为的影响及环境自我认同的中介作用。与以往研究考察一般亲环境行为不同，该研究具体考察亲环境行为中的绿色生活方式与环境沟通两个维度。结果发现，环境注意正向预测绿色生活方式与环境沟通。同时，环境自我认同在其中起中介作用。即环境注意可以通过增强人们的环境自我认同，从而促进亲环境行为。研究 1 揭示了注意环境信息在人们亲环境行为中扮演着重要角色。如果注意环境信息可以预测亲环境行为，下一个关键问题是：何种类型的环境信息 (正性 vs.负性)更容易捕获注意？为回答这一科学问题，研究 2 将使用经典的点探测范式，考察个体对不同类型环境信息的注意加工。具体而言，首先在屏幕中呈现图片对 (正性 vs.中性/ 负性 vs.中性)，当图片对消失后，要求被试对随后出现的实心圆点进行又准又快的按键反应。线性混合模型分析结果 发现，个体对正性环境图片的反应时显著短于中性环境图片，而对负性环境图片的反应时显著长于中性环境图片。此外，注意偏向分数的结果显示，个体对正性环境图片存在注意维持，而对负性环境图片存在注意回避。研究 2 厘清了个体对不同类型环境信息的注意加工模式。

在研究 2 的基础上，研究 3 将使用眼动追踪技术进一步考察个体注意不同类型环境信息的动态加工过程。此外，该研究还将创新性地探索注意加工模式与个体绿色生活方式以及环境沟通之间的关系。眼动指标的分析结果发现，注意负性环境的平均瞳孔显著大于正性环境。该结果表明负性环境刺激可能让人们感知到担忧、恐惧和威胁。个体对正性环境图片的总停留时间、平均注视时间以及首次注视时间都显著长于负性环境。该结果表明人们对正性环境存在注意维持。然而，个体对负性环境的首视点潜伏期显著短于正性环境图片，且首视点落于负性环境图片的比例显著高于正性环境。我们的发现验证了“警觉-回 避”模型。反应时分析结果与研究 2 一致。此外，我们还发现，对正性环境图片的平均注视时间与个体的环境沟通呈正相关，而对负性环境图片的平均注视时间与个体绿色生活方式存在正向关系。研究 3 使用更丰富和多元的指标探索了个体对不同类型环境信息的注意加工过程，还初步探索了个体的注意加工模式与不同维度亲环境行为之间的关系。 上所述，本研究以注意为载体，从认知视角探索个体对不同类型环境信息的注意加工及其与亲环境行为的关系。该研究结合环境心理学与认知心理学的优势，不仅可以为未来环境行为科学领域的相关研究开辟新思路，还可以为设计和编制环保宣传材料提供科学有效的依据，为相关部门制定环保政策内容 提供重要参考。

Environmental propaganda information is one of the important ways of environmental communication and a key prerequisite for promoting pro- environmental behavior. However, can the environmental propaganda information scattered around the streets and alleys effectively attract the public's attention? Exploring this scientific question is crucial because attention, as the primary stage of cognitive processing, is a key pathway for people to perceive and understand the world, and is also a necessary prerequisite for behavioral decision-making. The attention to environmental propaganda information may largely determine individuals' pro-environmental behavior. Furthermore, it remains unknown which types of information are more likely to attract people's attention, as well as the attention processing of different types of environmental information and their relationship with pro-environmental behavior. Exploring the relationship between environmental attention and pro-environmental behavior can not only discuss individual differences in pro-environmental behavior from a cognitive perspective but also provide empirical evidence for developing scientifically effective environmental propaganda information. The current study aims to conduct three studies to examine the attentional processing of individuals in environmental information and their relationship with pro-environmental behavior.

Study 1 employed a questionnaire survey to explore the influence of environmental attention on pro-environmental behavior and the mediating role of environmental self-identity. Unlike previous studies that explored general pro- environmental behavior, this study specifically examined individuals' green lifestyle and environmental communication. The results revealed that environmental attention positively predicted individuals' green lifestyle and environmental communication. At the same time, environmental self-identity played a mediating role in this relationship. In other words, environmental attention can promote pro-environmental behavior by enhancing people's environmental self-identity. Study 1 elucidates the important role of environmental attention in individuals' pro-environmental behavior.

If environmental attention can influence pro-environmental behavior, the next key question is: Which type of environmental information (positive vs. negative) is more likely to capture attention? To address this scientific question, Study 2 used the classical dot-probe paradigm to examine individuals' attentional processing in different types of environmental information. Specifically, participants would be presented with pairs of images (positive vs. neutral/ negative vs. neutral) on a screen. After the image pairs disappear, participants were required to respond quickly and accurately to the target dot. Linear mixed-effects model analysis revealed that individuals' reaction time to positive environmental stimuli was significantly shorter than those to neutral stimuli, while their reaction time to negative environmental stimuli was significantly longer than those to neutral stimuli. Additionally, results from attention bias scores indicated that individuals showed attention maintenance towards positive environmental stimuli and attention avoidance towards negative environmental stimuli. Study 2 clarifies the attentional processing in different types of environmental information.

Building upon Study 2, Study 3 further investigated the dynamic attentional processing in different types of environmental information using eye-tracking technology. Additionally, Study 3 innovatively explored the relationship between attentional processing patterns and individuals' green lifestyle as well as environmental communication. Analysis of eye-tracking indicators revealed that the average pupil size when attending to negative environmental stimuli was significantly larger than when attending to positive stimuli. This result suggested that negative environmental stimuli might evoke feelings of concern, fear, and threat. Individuals spent significantly more total dwell time, average fixation time, and had longer first fixation time on positive environmental stimuli compared to negative stimuli, indicating attention maintenance towards positive stimuli. The first fixation latency for negative stimuli was significantly shorter than for positive stimuli, and the proportion of first fixations on negative stimuli was significantly higher than on positive stimuli, validating the "vigilance-avoidance" model. Reaction time analysis results were consistent with Study 2. Furthermore, we found that the average duration time on positive environmental stimuli was positively correlated with individuals' environmental communication, while the average duration time on negative environmental stimuli was positively associated with individuals' green lifestyle. Study 3 utilizes a richer and more diverse set of indicators to explore individual attentional processing in different types of environmental information and preliminarily investigated the relationship between attentional processing patterns and different dimensions of pro-environmental behavior.

In summary, this study investigated individual attentional processing in different types of environmental information and its relationship with pro-environmental behavior from a cognitive perspective. By integrating the strengths of environmental psychology and cognitive psychology, this research not only opens up new avenues for future studies in the field of environmental behavior science but also provides a scientific and effective basis for designing and creating environmental propaganda materials. Additionally, it offers important insights for relevant authorities in formulating the content of environmental policies.