社会与工程心理学研究室知识库

随着汽车信息娱乐系统的发展和移动音乐流媒体服务的普及，驾驶员在驾驶过程中听音乐变得更加普遍。这一现象引发了对音乐如何影响驾驶行为和安全性的关注。然而，音乐对驾驶行为的具体影响仍然是一个复杂和多维度的问题。音乐元素相互结合塑造了音乐的整体构架，音乐速度和音高被认为是两个关键的音乐元素，可能会影响人们的情感、认知和行为反应。而个体对音乐的偏好可能会与音乐产生特定的相互作用，从而影响驾驶行为。因此，本研究将从个体偏好和音乐属性两个方面入手，在不同驾驶情境下深入探索不同流派音乐的具体音乐元素对驾驶行为影响的作用机制。

研究一通过对 294 名驾驶员的问卷调查，探索了音乐流派偏好、情绪调控能力和驾驶行为之间的关系。研究结果表明：特定音乐流派的偏好与危险驾驶行为的频率有关，其中对古典、古乐、爵士和电子乐的偏好得分能够显著正向预测危险驾驶行为倾向。同时，音乐偏好对驾驶行为的影响受到情绪调控能力的调节，即情绪调控能力较差的驾驶员，如果偏好重金属、摇滚、说唱、爵士或电子乐，更可能表现出危险驾驶行为。

研究二在音乐偏好的基础上关注音乐流派和音乐速度对驾驶行为的影响。以音乐流派偏好（摇滚、古典）为组间变量，音乐流派（摇滚、古典）、音乐 速度（慢、中、快）为组内变量，通过 2 个模拟驾驶行为实验分别探究不同音乐对无风险情境下车辆控制行为的影响和有风险情境下危险规避行为的影响。结果表明：（1）在情绪体验上，与古典乐相比，摇滚乐显著提升了驾驶员的唤醒度；慢速音乐下的愉悦度和唤醒度显著低于中速和快速音乐。音乐偏好与流派间存在交互作用，偏好摇滚的驾驶员在摇滚乐下驾驶时的愉悦度显著更高； 偏好古典的驾驶员在古典乐下的愉悦度显著更高。（2）在驾驶表现上，相比于古典乐，在摇滚乐下驾驶速度、速度标准差、加速度、油门踏板计数显著更大；相比于中速和快速的音乐，在慢速音乐下驾驶速度显著最小。（3）无风险情境中，相比于摇滚乐，在古典乐下的被试跟车任务的一致性系数显著更小、与前车的时间和距离间隔更大、间隔标准差也显著更大、落后被警告的次数显著更多。偏好、流派和音乐速度交互效应显著，对于摇滚偏好的驾驶员，相比慢速的古典乐，在慢速的摇滚乐或快速的古典乐背景下跟车一致性更高。（4）在有 风险情境中，相比摇滚乐，在古典乐下与前车发生碰撞的时间显著更长。偏好与流派间存在交互效应，对摇滚偏好的驾驶员，在摇滚乐下反应显著快于古典乐；而对古典偏好的驾驶员，在古典乐下制动时间显著短于摇滚乐。

研究三在音乐偏好的基础上关注音乐流派和音高对驾驶行为的影响。以音乐流派偏好（摇滚偏好、古典偏好）为组间变量，音乐流派（摇滚、古典）、音高（调低、原音高、调高）为组内变量，通过 2 个模拟驾驶行为实验分别探 究其对无风险情境下车辆控制行为的影响和有风险情境下危险规避行为的影响。 结果表明：（1）认知感受上，相比古典乐，在摇滚乐下的主观分心度显著更高。风险情境下，相比调高或调低背景，在原音高背景下主观的分心度显著最高。（2）在情绪体验上，相比于古典乐，在摇滚乐背景下驾驶员的唤醒度显著更高；存在偏好和流派的交互效应，对于摇滚偏好的驾驶员，相比于古典乐，在摇滚乐下驾驶时的愉悦度显著更高。（3）驾驶表现上，相比于古典乐，在摇滚乐下驾驶速度、加速度、油门踏板计数、横向偏移显著更大。风险情境中，原音高背景下，横向位移标准差显著大于调高或调低条件。（4）无风险情境中，相比于摇滚乐，在古典乐下与前车时间和距离间隔的标准差显著更大、落后被警告的次数显著更多。调低音高条件下，跟车时车辆间时间间隔要显著大于原音高和调高条件。存在流派和音高的交互效应，在古典乐下，原音高背景下跟车的一致性显著最高；在摇滚乐下，调高音高后跟车一致性显著最高。有风险情境中，相比古典偏好的驾驶员，摇滚偏好的驾驶员刹车反应时显著更长。原音高条件下，横向位移标准差显著最大，车辆控制稳定性最差。

综上，本研究探讨了音乐偏好、音乐流派、音乐速度和音高对驾驶的影响。偏好古典、古乐、爵士和电子音乐的驾驶员表现出更高的危险驾驶行为倾向，但是良好情绪调节能力能减弱摇滚、说唱、电子、爵士、重金属等音乐偏好对驾驶行为的影响。音乐流派对驾驶的影响需要考虑情境的特异性。在无风险情境下，摇滚乐可能有利于驾驶员感知前车速度变化并进行速度调整，但在有风险情境则可能会损害安全性。另外需要考虑个体偏好及音乐属性的调节，偏好摇滚的驾驶员在快速、高唤醒的音乐下表现更佳；而偏好古典音乐的驾驶员在中速音乐下驾驶表现更好。音乐速度影响驾驶员的唤醒水平和驾驶速度，慢速的音乐会降低驾驶员的唤醒水平和驾驶速度。音高的影响在不同情境下有差异，无风险情境下，调低音高后不利于跟车表现，调高的摇滚乐有利于驾驶员感知 前车速度变化并及时反应。风险情境下，调整音高有利于提高驾驶员对车辆控制的稳定性。本研究揭示了音乐流派、音乐速度和音高在不同情境下影响驾驶行为的作用机理，并理清了个体因素在此过程中的作用，为创建能够根据驾驶情境和驾驶员个人喜好推荐音乐播放的智能系统提供数据支持，为汽车制造商和软件开发者提供理论指导。

Given the expansive influence of music on human emotion and behavior, researchers have begun to explore how different musical genres affect drivers' alertness, reaction times, and overall driving performance. These studies have revealed the potential impacts of music selection on driving safety, suggesting that music could be a tool to modulate driving behaviors. Against this backdrop, we delve further into the specific findings from a series of studies on the impact of music on driving.

Study 1 explores the relationship between musical genre preferences, emotional regulation capabilities, and driving behaviors through a survey of 294 drivers. It finds that preferences for specific musical genres such as classical, early music, jazz, and electronic music correlate with an increased frequency of risky driving behaviors. Furthermore, the impact of musical preferences on driving behaviors is moderated by emotional regulation abilities; drivers with poor emotional regulation who prefer genres like heavy metal, rock, rap, jazz, or electronic music are more likely to engage in risky driving behaviors.

Study 2 investigates the effects of musical genre preferences and music tempo on driving behavior. Using musical genre preferences (rock, classical) as between-group variables and music genre (rock, classical) along with tempo (slow, medium, fast) as within-group variables, the study assesses the impact of different music on vehicle control in non-risky situations and hazard avoidance in risky situations. The results show that rock music significantly enhances driver arousal compared to classical music, and pleasure and arousal are significantly lower under slow tempo compared to medium and fast tempos. There is an interaction effect between musical preferences and genres; drivers who prefer rock experience greater pleasure when listening to rock music, and those who prefer classical music derive more pleasure from classical music.

Study 3 delves into the effects of musical genre and pitch on driving behavior. Employing a similar experimental setup, the study examines the influence of musical genre (rock, classical) and pitch (lowered, original, raised) on vehicle control in nonrisky scenarios and hazard avoidance in risky scenarios. It reveals that rock music leads to significantly higher subjective distraction compared to classical music in risky situations, particularly at the original pitch level. Preference and genre interactions demonstrate that drivers who prefer rock music exhibit higher arousal under rock music conditions.

Overall, the research highlights how musical preferences, genres, tempos, and pitches influence driving. Preferences for certain genres are linked to a higher tendency towards risky driving behaviors, yet effective emotional regulation can mitigate the negative effects of preferences for music styles such as rock, rap, electronic, jazz, and heavy metal. The influence of music on driving varies by context; rock music may be advantageous in non-risky situations but detrimental in risky ones. This study emphasizes the importance of considering individual preferences and music attributes in driving contexts. The effects of music tempo on arousal and driving speed are significant, with slow tempo music reducing both. The impact of pitch varies by scenario, affecting vehicle control and response times differently. This research provides empirical support for the development of intelligent systems that recommend music based on driving context and driver preferences, offering theoretical guidance for automobile manufacturers and software developers.