中国科学院心理研究所机构知识库

强迫症（OCD）主要表现特征为强迫思维或强迫行为。研究表明，OCD患者未治疗时长是所有精神疾病中最长的。本研究的焦点在于高强迫倾向个体——那些表现出强迫特质但未满足诊断标准的个体。这些个体为研究与OCD相似的认知与情感过程、预防和干预策略的有效性和适用性提供了思路。近年来，OCD研究的重点已转向决策执行功能，之前的决策研究集中在强迫思维以及强迫行为，而对决策中的情绪调节及其策略关注较少。高强迫倾向个体相对 OCD 患者来说，症状程度较轻，因此，要为高强迫倾向个体提供适用且有效的干预策略，可从情绪角度进行干预，更容易被其察觉与接受。

研究一目标是探索高强迫倾向个体的情绪调节困难与决策行为特性间的联系，为之后的研究奠定理论基础。高强迫倾向往往会受强迫思维和强迫行为带来的痛苦影响，研究一推测这些个体可能存在情绪调节上的困难，并据此影响到其决策行为。此外，考虑到高强迫倾向个体对于情绪的敏感性，且行为抑制系统（BIS）的激活与负性情绪及对回避行为的趋近有关，研究一将纳入BIS作为变量之一，探索这些变量间的联系。研究二在研究一基础上，通过情景模拟实验，来探究高强迫倾向个体在决策过程中的行为特征和情绪调节策略对于高强迫倾向个体的有效性和适用性，重点探究情景模拟下这些个体参考候选项的个数以及接纳策略的有效性和适用性。

结果发现：（1）情绪调节困难在强迫倾向程度对最优化决策水平的影响中具有部分中介的作用。（2）行为抑制系统（BIS）对情绪调节困难在强迫倾向对最优化决策水平之间的中介效应具有调节作用。（3）情绪调节困难的维度 “有限的情绪调节策略”可作为提高情绪调节能力的方法和干预方向。（4）在情绪调节方面，接纳策略有效地提升了高强迫倾向个体的情绪调节能力，特别是在降低负性情绪方面效果显著。（5）在参考候选项个数方面，在小数量级的候选项中，高强迫倾向组和低强迫倾向组参考的候选项无显著差异。在大数量级的候选 项中，在使用情绪调节策略之前，高强迫倾向组相比低强迫倾向组参考更多的候选项，在使用情绪调节策略之后，高强迫倾向组和低强迫倾向组参考的候选项无显著差异。（6）在决策质量方面，取得排名前三名的人中，高强迫倾向组较低强迫倾向组在接受有效情绪策略之前决策质量水平略低，在接受有效情绪策略后，高强迫倾向组的决策质量相比低强迫倾向组略高。（7）对整体排名分布进行分析，得到高强迫倾向组的决策结果更易呈现两极分化。

结论：探索强迫倾向个体在决策过程中面临的情绪调节问题和最优化决策的有调节的中介路径，发现情绪调节能力在改善这些个体的决策质量中的重要作用。基于此路径使用情绪调节策略——接纳策略，可以显著降低高强迫倾向个体的负性情绪，减少过度搜索行为，并在一定程度上改善他们的决策质量，验证了接纳策略在高强迫倾向个体的有效性和适用性。

The main presenting feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is obsessive thinking or behavior. Studies have shown that individuals with OCD have the longest untreated duration of any psychiatric disorder. The focus of this study is on individuals with high obsessive-compulsive tendencies-individuals who exhibit obsessive-compulsive traits but do not meet diagnostic criteria. These individuals provide ideas for examining the effectiveness and applicability of similar cognitive and affective processes, prevention, and intervention strategies for OCD. In recent years, the focus of OCD research has shifted to decision-making executive functioning, with previous research focusing on obsessive thinking as well as compulsive behaviors, and less attention being paid to emotion regulation in decision-making and its strategies. Individuals with high obsessive-compulsive tendencies are less symptomatic relative to those with OCD, and interventions from an emotion regulation perspective are more likely to be perceived and accepted by the individual.

The goal of Study 1 was to explore the link between emotion regulation difficulties and decision-making behavioral traits in individuals with high obsessive-compulsive tendencies, laying the groundwork for subsequent research. As individuals with high OCD tend to be affected by the distress of obsessive-compulsive thinking and compulsive behaviors, Study 1 hypothesized that these individuals may have difficulties in emotion regulation, which may affect their decision-making behaviors. In addition, given the sensitivity of individuals with high compulsive tendencies to emotions and the fact that activation of the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) has been associated with negative emotions and a tendency toward avoidance behaviors, Study 1 included BIS as one of the variables to explore the link between these variables. Based on Study 1, Study 2 used a situational simulation experiment to explore the behavioral characteristics of individuals with high obsessive-compulsive tendencies during the decision-making process and the effectiveness and applicability of emotion regulation strategies for individuals with high obsessive-compulsive tendencies, with a focus on exploring the number of reference candidates for these individuals under situational simulation, as well as the validity and applicability of the acceptance strategies.

It was found that (1) emotional regulation difficulties partially mediate the effect of the degree of compulsive tendencies on the level of optimal decision making. (2) The Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) has a moderating effect on the mediating effect of emotion regulation difficulties between compulsive tendencies on optimal decision levels. (3) The dimension of emotion regulation difficulties "limited emotion regulation" can be used as a method and direction of intervention to improve emotion regulation. (4) In the dimension of emotion regulation, the acceptance strategy effectively enhances the emotion regulation ability of individuals with high obsessive- compulsive tendencies, especially effective in reducing negative emotions. (5) In terms of the number of reference candidate items, there was no significant difference in the number of candidate items referenced by the high compulsive tendency group and the low compulsive tendency group in the small order of magnitude. In the large order of magnitude, the high compulsive tendency group referenced more candidate items compared to the low compulsive tendency group before using the emotion regulation strategy, and there was no significant difference in the number of candidate items referenced by the high compulsive tendency group and the low compulsive tendency group after using emotion regulation. (6) In terms of decision quality, among those who achieved the top three rankings, the high-obsessive-compulsive tendency group had a slightly lower level of decision quality compared to the low-obsessive-compulsive tendency group prior to receiving the effective emotion strategy, and the high obsessive-compulsive tendency group had a slightly higher level of decision quality compared to the low-obsessive-compulsive tendency group after receiving the effective emotion strategy. (7) An analysis of the overall ranking distribution yields that the decision-making outcomes of the high compulsive tendency group are more likely to be polarized.

Conclusion: Exploring the emotion regulation problem faced by individuals with obsessive-compulsive tendencies during the decision-making process and the regulated mediation path of optimal decision-making, we found the important role of emotion regulation ability in improving the decision-making quality of these individuals. Using an emotion regulation strategy based on this path, the acceptance strategy, can significantly reduce negative emotions, decrease excessive search behavior, and improve their decision quality to some extent in individuals with high compulsive tendencies, validating the effectiveness and applicability of the acceptance strategy in individuals with high compulsive tendencies.