| 其他摘要 | Entrepreneurship activities have significant economic and social significance, and their sustained development requires potential entrepreneurs with entrepreneurial intention. Entrepreneurial intention is the best indicator to predict entrepreneurial behavior and carry out entrepreneurial activities. The descendants of entrepreneurs are influenced by entrepreneurs and have a relatively high intention to start a business. Previous studies have generally examined the entrepreneurial experiences of parents as a whole variable. This article attempts to clarify the impact and pathways of different parental entrepreneurial experiences on the entrepreneurial intention of descendants, while examining the roles of entrepreneurial exposure and entrepreneurial environment cognition in this process. This article is divided into two studies: Study 1 develops a Dongguan entrepreneurial environment cognition questionnaire, and Study 2 examines the mediating role of entrepreneurial environment perception and the moderating effect of parental entrepreneurial experience in the impact of entrepreneurial exposure on entrepreneurial intention.
Study 1: To develop a questionnaire that can be used to evaluate the entrepreneurial environment in Dongguan, this study first determined the survey direction through offline interviews with 11 Dongguan entrepreneurs; then, through an online questionnaire survey of 118 Dongguan citizens, 45 items were formed. After referring to the three models of entrepreneurial environments perception, four items were added, totaling 49 items. To make adjustments to 49 items, this article conducted an online questionnaire survey on 217 Dongguan citizens. 28 items and 6 factors were extracted through exploratory factor analysis, and the total explained sample variation was 70.50%. To test whether the structure of the six dimensions was stable, this article conducted an online questionnaire survey on 249 Dongguan citizens. After revision, 6 dimensions and 21 entries were retained. The structural validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity all passed the test, and the homogeneity reliability of the questionnaire was 0.94. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that among the six dimensions, Dongguan citizens believed that the market environment dimension was the most important. Among the 21 items, Dongguan citizens believed that political stability was the most important. To investigate the evaluation of Dongguan citizens on the entrepreneurial environment in relevant items, this article conducted an online questionnaire survey on 316 Dongguan citizens. The survey results found that Dongguan citizens believe that the entrepreneurial environment in Dongguan was at a relatively good level. Ranking from high to low, the six dimensions of evaluation were: humanistic atmosphere > living facilities > market environment > entrepreneurial resources > professional services > support network. The highest rated item was political stability, while the lowest rated item was regional advantage.
Study 2: 209 descendants of Dongguan entrepreneurs were selected and their entrepreneurial experiences were measured using closed ended questions. Thompson's Individual Entrepreneurship Willingness Scale was used to measure entrepreneurial intention, Van Auken et al.'s Family Business Exposure Questionnaire was used to measure entrepreneurial exposure, and a self-made questionnaire was used to measure entrepreneurial environment cognition. The results showed that: (1) entrepreneurial exposure positively predicts entrepreneurial environment cognition, and entrepreneurial exposure affects entrepreneurial intention through the mediating effect of entrepreneurial environment cognition. (2) Parents' entrepreneurial success, failure, and success or failure are all positive predictors of entrepreneurial intention. (3) After controlling for the effects of gender, major, and educational background, as well as incorporating the indirect impact of entrepreneurial exposure on entrepreneurial intention through the perception of entrepreneurial environment, parental entrepreneurial experience can still regulate the impact of entrepreneurial exposure on entrepreneurial intention. (4) In terms of the direct impact of parental entrepreneurial experience on entrepreneurial intention, the direct impact of parental entrepreneurial success or failure on entrepreneurial intention is significantly higher than that of parental entrepreneurial success group and parental entrepreneurial failure group. (5) In terms of the moderating effect of exposure on willingness, the entrepreneurial success group has a positive promoting effect compared to the entrepreneurial failure group and the entrepreneurial success or failure group, which can enhance the positive impact of exposure on willingness. (6) When the parental entrepreneurial success group is at a low level of entrepreneurial exposure, their entrepreneurial intention is relatively low. However, the entrepreneurial exposure of the parental entrepreneurial success group has a greater impact on entrepreneurial intention. As the entrepreneurial exposure increases, their entrepreneurial intention will rapidly increase, approaching the success or failure group of both parents.
Through the above research, the following conclusions are drawn in this article: (1) The self collected cognitive dimensions of Dongguan's entrepreneurial environment are universal and regional, which can better reflect the local situation in Dongguan. (2) Dongguan citizens are relatively satisfied with the entrepreneurial environment in Dongguan. (3) Entrepreneurial exposure can positively predict entrepreneurial intention, and it can also be influenced by the mediating effect of entrepreneurial environment cognition and the moderating effect of parental entrepreneurial experience. |
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